ETIKA POLITIK IBN KHALDŪN

Imam Iqbal, NIM: 12300016032 (2019) ETIKA POLITIK IBN KHALDŪN. Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

One theme of philosophy which lacks adequate portion of study in Islamic philosophy is the theme of ethics. Existing ethical studies are limited to individual ethics and have not touched ethics in the public sphere, for example political ethics. Even though the study of politics in Islamic Studies genres, both in fiqh and philosophy, shows a strong ethical character. In these two genres, political ethics is more studied normatively and often in the form of moral guidance for the authorities, forms of government, and the like. The study of political ethics in Islamic Studies rarely departs from observing real politics. At this point, the political ethics of Ibn Khaldūn is important to examine. This figure‟s view departs from observing the political reality as it is (historical-realist). This view is different from other Muslim philosophers and political thinkers who discuss the issue of political ethics as it should be (idealist-normative). The topic of this research is about political ethics. Research on this topic is limited to the scope of Ibn Khaldūn‟s thought. There are three main problems. (1) What is the structure of the political ethics thoughts of Ibn Khaldūn in terms of the main themes of political ethics? (2) What are the characteristics of the political ethics thoughts of Ibn Khaldūn? (3) What criticisms can be raised against Ibn Khaldūn‟s political ethical thoughts and its relevance in understanding the problems in the study of modern political ethics, especially in the context of Islam? The author uses the theoretical framework of hermeneutics, political ethics, and ethical perspectives to examine the research problems above. The theoretical framework of hermeneutics is used to understand the structure of Ibn Khaldūn‟s thoughts of political ethics, uncover its characteristics, criticize it, and show its relevance. While the the theoretical framework of political ethics theory and ethical perspectives are used to explain and reflect the details of his thoughts on the issue in order to obtain a complete and deep understanding. The theory that I use is Paul Ricoeur‟s theory of hermeneutics as a system of interpretation, Franz Magnis Suseno‟s theory of the main themes of political ethics, and John M. Parrish‟s theory of ethical paradoxes. This study found the polarization of the system of political ethics in the thoughts of Ibn Khaldūn, namely a tribal political ethics system based on a tribal value system and a religious political ethics system based on the Islamic value system. Ibn Khaldūn‟s thoughts shows that each form of political ethics system has a certain standard of the value system, the form of political authority system, and the legitimacy of political powers. This study also found Ibn Khaldūn‟s three characteristics of political ethics, namely: ethical descriptivism, ethical teleologism, and khaldunian secularization in the form of desacralization of politics and depoliticization of religion. This study also criticize Ibn Khaldūn‟s political thoughts that leads to the claim that his thoughts on this topic was ambivalent. From the perspective of ethical studies, ambivalence is not entirely negative, but positive. The author proposes ambivalence as a new perspective for the study of Ibn Khaldun‟s systems of thought and for the study of contemporary Islamic political ethics. This perspective denies the views of Ibn Khaldun‟s pragmatism and secularism, and guarantees the creation of space to dialogue the demands of ideal-normative ethics and religious morality with the demands of pragmatical and historical political reality. This perspective is relevant in understanding the issues relating to the main themes of political ethics in a specific context. For example, in understanding the polemic among elites in Indonesia about Islam as the basis, the fundament of the value system, and as the ideology of the state.

Item Type: Thesis (Doctoral)
Additional Information: Prof. Dr. H. Musa Asy‟arie
Uncontrolled Keywords: Political Ethics System, Ibn Khaldūn, Characteristics, Ambivalence, Relevance
Subjects: Filsafat Agama
Divisions: Pascasarjana > Disertasi > Study Islam
Depositing User: Drs. Mochammad Tantowi, M.Si.
Date Deposited: 06 Dec 2019 12:43
Last Modified: 06 Dec 2019 12:43
URI: http://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/36852

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