FILANTROPI DALAM GERAKAN MUHAMMADIYAH DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA (Studi Living Hadis)

Rohmansyah, NIM: 17300016004 (2020) FILANTROPI DALAM GERAKAN MUHAMMADIYAH DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA (Studi Living Hadis). Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Philanthropy (donation) carried out by Muhammadiyah in responding to the social conditions of oppressed communities having taken place since the colonial period is based on the Qur’an and Hadith (tradition) despite the fact that the traditions used as a basis are not many; thus, a study of living hadith is needed. Because of this, this study aims to address this problem by describing the philanthropic movement and various social phenomena that influence it based on the traditions. This research is a combination of field and literature research to simultaneously conduct observations and interviews and to search for official documents and several books by Muhammadiyah figures. The descriptive-analysis and sociological-historical approach is focused on three institutions in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, i.e., education, health and orphanages. The theory used in this study is divided into two theories, i.e., living hadith and social theories. The theory of living hadith used is reception theory which consists of three receptions, i.e., exegesis reception, aesthetic reception and functional theory while the social theory used is social construction and sociology of knowledge of Peter L Berger and Thomas Luckmann. There are four main findings of this research. First , Muhammadiyah philanthropy starts from the bottom (bottom up), continuing and developing until now such as educational and health institutions as well as orphanages based on the traditions of the Prophet. Second , the philanthropic traditions in the establishment of these institutions are not many and are more inclined to their implementation without regard to the quality aspects of the traditions because some of the traditions found are not ṣa ḥīḥ. Third , the philanthropic traditions according to three reception theories -- exegesis, aesthetics and functional-- provide explicit explanation that the traditions are accepted and understood both textually and contextually, and then practiced in social life and institutionalized. Fourth, the Muhammadiyah philanthropic movement based on the hadith of the Prophet was influenced by socio-historical factors that occurred in the past during the Dutch colonial period around the 19- 20th century. These factors included the social, economic, political and cultural factors of Java that developed at that time which encouraged this organization to make social changes and reforms (tajdīd) of Islam to eliminate all forms of oppression and invite Javanese people in particular to return to pure teachings, that is, the teachings of the Qur’an and Sunnah carried out gradually. This has led this organization to become a focal point for survival and progress even though there are still shortcomings in the equitable balance in social welfare and humanity.

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