PANDANGAN MUHAMMAD RASYID RIDA TERHADAP NASRANI DALAM TAFSIR Al-MANAR

Ahmad Hermawan, NIM. 1430016003 (2020) PANDANGAN MUHAMMAD RASYID RIDA TERHADAP NASRANI DALAM TAFSIR Al-MANAR. Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Al-Qur'an is the way of life for every Muslim who reads and studies the meaning. Interpretation as a tool for understanding the message is demanded to be able to answer the problems faced by its readers. Amid fears of a clash between the West and Islam, as predicted by Huntington and Ferguson's accusations that religion justifies violence, efforts to build positive relations between Muslims and Christians through a study of interpretations become urgent. Considering that Tafsir al-Manar by Rasyid Rida is a modern interpretation to provide new values and worthy of research. Rahman's double movement hermeneutic approach is used to get the relevance of its interpretation of the Indonesian context. With the interreligious paradigm of the relationship between the tripolar typology and the four theological models of Paul F. Knitter, Rida's views on Muslim and Christian interactions can be classified. Rida elaborated on an inclusive view that Christianity is Millah Ibrahim, as seen from its monotheistic roots, which substantively became the universal teachings of the Prophets. The difference between Christianity and Islam lies not in the belief in the Oneness of God, but the characteristics of the concept of the Oneness of God. Islam adheres to absolute monotheism, whereas Christianity holds to monotheism in the Trinity. Based on the universal principle of religion, the interaction of Muslims and Christians in the time of the Holy Prophet became the source of harmony between the two in the context of kalimatun sawa'. The attitude of affection of some Christians towards Muslims and also the hostility of some of them became evidence of the dynamic pattern of interaction between the two peoples which can be objectively said that the main factor of the conflict is not the religious identity, but worldly orientation and fanaticism in political, economic and other powers. This study reveals Rida's view on two Models of Fulfillment in aspects of Christian theology and Mutualist Models in aspects of interaction with Christians. Theologically, Christian claims to bring salvation, similar to the basic teachings of Islam (obedience) to the One God and perfected through Islam brought by the Prophet Muhammad. Rida's Mutualist view of Muslim-Christian interaction patterns emphasizes that religious differences do not limit the spirit of unity between the two believers to cooperate against problems and challenges. Rida's Mutualist view in his interpretation of the context of bit}a>nah and wila>yah on interfaith marriages so that they remain relevant in fostering positive interactions to build peace and unity in Indonesia. Problems that are no longer relevant to the nuances of life in Rida's era and Indonesia are the mission of spreading religion, jizyah, and zimmah because the modern state system guarantees freedom of religion, justice, equality and establishes equal human rights based on nationality rather than religious identity.

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