Institutional Repository UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited. 2024-03-29T12:39:03ZEPrintshttp://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/images/sitelogo.pnghttps://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/2017-01-31T06:36:33Z2017-01-31T06:36:33Zhttp://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/23753This item is in the repository with the URL: http://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/237532017-01-31T06:36:33ZPERKEMBANGAN PUISI ARAB MODERNThis article aims to study the development of Arabic poetry from
its early phase to its modern one. Having used a historicaldiachronic
study of form and content of Arabic poetry, this article
concludes that Arabic poetry, as the oldest genre in the Arabic
literary tradition, has hardly developed. Not until the 20th
century, more commonly known in the history of Arabic literature
as As}r al-Nahd}ah, that the awareness of the absence of creativity
in Arabic poetry and external factors due to the interaction of
Arab with the West have given birth the seeds of modern Arabic
poetry. At least, there are five schools of modern Arabic poetry,
namely: Neo Classical (al-Muhāfizun) with such its central
figures as Mahmud Sami and Ahmad al-Barudi Syauqy; Western
Romanticism, which was pioneered by Khalil Mutran; Madrasah
Dīwān, which was propagandized by Abd al-Rahman Shukri,
Abbas Mahmud al-'Aqad, and Ibrahim Abd al-Qadir al-Mazini;
Madrasah Apollo, which was carried by Ahmad Zaki Abu
Syadi; and Madrasah al-Muhajir, which is pioneered by Jibran
Khalil Jibran. Each has contributed their part in Arabic poetry
formally as well as contentially. Those schools have became a
tradition of modern Arabic poetry. The emergence of modern
Arabic poetic tradition has been accompanied by three general
pattern- the influence of literary patterns of the more advanced
cultures, the escapism, and the search for identity.
Tulisan ini melihat perkembangan puisi Arab dari masa
awal sampai masa modern. Melalui telaah historisdiakronis
atas bentuk dan isi puisi Arab, tulisan ini
berkesimpulan bahwa puisi Arab, sebagai genre tertua
dalam tradisi kesusastraan Arab, nyaris tidak mengalami
perkembangan. Hanya saja, pada abad ke-20 atau, lebih
dikenal dalam sejarah kesusastraan Arab, Ashr al-Nahdlakesadaran internal atas absennya kreativitas dalam puisi
Arab dan stimulan eksternal akibat interaksi Arab dengan
Barat telah melahirkan benih-benih puisi Arab modern.
Paling tidak, ada lima aliran puisi Arab modern, yaitu: Neo
Klasik (al-Muhāfizun) dengan tokoh utamanya Mahmud
Sami al-Barudi dan Ahmad Syauqy; Romantisme Barat
yang dipelopori Khalil Mutran; Madrasah Dīwān yang
diusung oleh Abd al-Rahman Syukri, Abbas Mahmud al-
‘Aqad, dan Ibrahim Abd al-Qadir al-Mazini; Madrasah
Apollo yang dibidani Ahmad Zaki Abu Syadi; dan Madrasah
al-Muhājir yang dikomandoi oleh Jibran Khalil Jibran.
Masing-masing aliran membawa pembaruan dalam puisi
Arab, baik bentuk maupun isi, yang kemudian menjadi
tradisi bagi puisi Arab modern. Kemunculan tradisi puisi
Arab modern ini disertai dengan tiga pola umum, yaitu
pengaruh pola kesusastraan dari kebudayaan yang lebih
maju, pola eskapisme, dan pencarian identitas diri.
Kata kunci: puisi Arab modern; genre sastra; sastra Barat.Taufiq A. Dardiri