IDEOLOGI, TRANSNASIONALISME, DAN JARINGAN LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

Ali Muhtarom, NIM. 1530016049 (2018) IDEOLOGI, TRANSNASIONALISME, DAN JARINGAN LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM. Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

Current global Islamic discourse cannot be separated from the movements of Salafism and Shi'ism. Both ideologies spread to Indonesia as a result of the competition between Saudi Arabia and Iran which emerged after the 1979 Iranian revolution and culminated in the aftermath of the Arab revolution movement, known as The Arab Spring in 2011. They also experienced a rapid increase in Indonesia through their respective actors and the development of their institutional network. This dissertation aims to describe the development of global Salafism and Shi'ism, explain the role of Salafi and Shia ideologies in constructing Islamic understanding in Indonesia, explain the strategies and institutional networks of LIPIA and STFI Sadra, and analyze the extent of transnationalization of these two ideologies and movements in Indonesia. This study uses a transnational Islamic approach of Peter Mandaville with a pattern of comparing Salafi and Shia expansion through educational institutions. The literature data are carried out by collecting books, journals, research reports, and other information that has a relationship with the two ideologies, while field data collection is done by observation, documentation, and interviews. The results of the study show that Saudi Arabia and Iran make educational and da'wah institutions as a means of diplomacy to support their political interests. Geo-politics and geo-strategy played by Saudi Arabia and Iran in the context of conflict of interest is more directed to the creation of state of mind than the physical struggle for territory. Salafism is able to create new Islamic discourses in Indonesia through the "new movement of political Salafism" while Shi'ism emphasizes more on strengthening tasawwuf ‘irfannazhāri rather than the theological or fiqh forms. The thought of Shia’s tasawwuf ‘irfannazhāricannot be separated from the concept of the Imam’skema'shūman. SalafiDa'wah is carried out in a blatant manner because it is considered to have similarities with the majority of Sunni Muslims in Indonesia while Shiada'wah is carried out with taqiyah through a strategy of hiding its Syrian identity and adaptation strategies.

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