CONCEPT OF SHURA IN SUNNI ISLAM

NAHARONONG, ABDUL MUIS (1977) CONCEPT OF SHURA IN SUNNI ISLAM. Al Jamiah, - (No.17). pp. 69-93. ISSN 2338-557X

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Abstract

Nowadays, shura is a persistent topic whenever people discuss the Islamic concept of state or democracy in Islam. This iis primarily due the fact that the Quran commands Muslim to manage their through shura. Etymologically, shura means to extract honey from the small hollw in the rock in which it is deposited by the wild bees; or to gather it from its hives and from other places. In its technical sense if may be defined as mutual consultation or debate in order that one may see anothers opinion. Shura can also be defined as mutual advice through mutual discussions on absolutely equal footing, or a collective endeavour for seeking an objective truth. The Quran employs the term shura in these two later senses when it asks the Prophet to consult the companions in the affairs concerning community. This verse (3:159), together with chapter 42, verse 38 lay down the basic principle which guide Muslims in managing thier affairs.Shuea, as an institution, was not an ISlamic innovation. It was a custom dating back to the pre-Islamic era. Before Islam came, the Arab had an Institution called inadi/i (assembly). It was a tribal council compossed of the elders of the tribe. Important matters of the tribe, such as peace, war and security, were decided by mutual consultations in the council. This tradition was so strongly rooted ini Arab society that even the Bedouins conducted their affairs by mutual consultation. Ibn Attiya (d.993), an early Quran interpreter, related that a Bedouin chief said that he would never be cheated until his people were also cheated, because he would do nothing until he had consulted them. It is this institution which was reorganized in Islam and was given the name shura.In pre-Islamic Mecc, after the death of Qussay ibn Kilab, the founder of the confederacy of Mecca, who decided public affairs by himself, supreme authorithy was vested in a relatively small number of privileged persons whose distinction was based on social status. These persons were the heads of the various clans of the Quraish and of thier allies who together constituted the body known as ial-Mala/i (council of elders) or inadi/i which regulated the religious, social, political, economic and cultural life of the community. This body decided all matters it choose to consider and thier decision was final. All free members of different clans and their allies above the age of forty were allowed to attend the meetings of the council at iDar al-Nadwah/ib

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: Concept, Shura, Sunni, Islam
Subjects: Aliran Dalam Islam
Al Jamiah Jurnal
Divisions: Jurnal > 4. Al Jami’ah
Depositing User: Sugeng Hariyanto, SIP (sugeng.hariyanto@uin-suka.ac.id)
Date Deposited: 05 Apr 2013 16:10
Last Modified: 17 Nov 2017 16:05
URI: http://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/438

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