STUDI ATAS HADIS-HADIS FITNAH DALAM KITAB AL-MUSTADRAK 'ALA AL-SAHIHAIN KARYA AL-HAKIM

Muhammad Anshori, NIM.: 18300016005 (2021) STUDI ATAS HADIS-HADIS FITNAH DALAM KITAB AL-MUSTADRAK 'ALA AL-SAHIHAIN KARYA AL-HAKIM. Doctoral thesis, SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

This dissertation examines eight hadith fitna in the al- Mustadrak ‘alā al-Ṣaḥīḥain by al-Ḥākim al-Naisābūrī (321-405 H./933-1012 A.D). The hadith fitna have served as legitimacy for the truth of the prophet’s words, related to fitna event that accurred after he passed away, especially during the time of the companion. At least there are two categories of hadith fitna in the al-Mustadrak, namely specific (ḥadīṡ fitnah khāṣṣah) and general (ḥadīṡ fitnah khāṣṣah). Al-Ḥākim included many hadiths fitna in his book with various isnād and matn hadith. The authenticity, validity or quality of the hadith fitna in al-Mustadrak needs to be studied because al- Ḥākim was considered as a scholar who is easyly to validate a hadith. This coused some hadith scholars refused al-Ḥākim’s jugdment because it was inaccurate. In addition, the understanding of the hadith fitna also need to be analyzed for determining the context or historical reality and its implications in hadith studies. This research is a library research which analyzes the data from literatures by using the theory of hadith criticism, includes sanad/isnād (chain of transmitters) and matn (text of the hadith) criticism. Regarding the theory of the hadith criticism, this research uses the term kritik historis (historical criticism) which aims to determine the authenticity or validity of the hadith fitna, kritik eidetis (eidetis criticism) to analyze the understanding of the text with linguistic analysis and analysis of the historical context. Then analisis praksis (analysis praksis) to contextualized the hadith in the present reality or contemporary context. This research uses the historical approach and hadith hermeneutics to analyze the historical context in understanding the hadith fitna. Meanwhile, related to the data analysis method, this research uses descriptive-analyticalinterpretative method. By using that theory, method, and approach, this research show that not all the isnad hadith fitna was ṣaḥīḥ (valid). Thi is because there are several narrators in the al-Mustadrak who are considereddefective by the mayority of the hadith scholars. Even so, the hadith text still can be analyzed because the study of sanad does not automatically effect to the matn hadith. This is invalidates al- Ḥākim’s claim which state that he used the criteria of Ṣaḥīḥ al- Bukhārī dan Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim in al-Mustadrak. Hadith fitan can’t be understood in the context of prophet’s time because it was predictive. In understanding these hadiths, can be analyzed by looking at the historical context of the life of companions. In order, to understand the prophet’s hadith contextually and comprehensively, historical analysis of the political ideology of hadith narrators and reconstruction of theory al-jarḥ wa al-ta’dīl are important. This is an effort to develop hadith studies. One of the criteria for hadith validity is there is compatibility between hadith text (matn) and historical data that explains the hadith itself. In addition, this is also an effort to develop a study of false hadith (mauḍū’) after fitna.

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