TY  - THES
N1  - Prof. Dr. H. Bambang Cipto, MA
ID  - digilib34778
UR  - https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/34778/
A1  - Zarfinayenti, NIM. 08.3.700/BR
Y1  - 2019/02/25/
N2  - This research departs from the development of democracy in
Indonesia which began a new chapter with the fall of the New Order
regime in 1998 and the opening of the Reformation era evidenced by
the implementation of the General Election. In the 2004 General
Election, the public began to discuss women in the formal political
arena based on the Election Law No. 12 2003 which contains
representation of 30% of women and Law number 2 of 2008 which
has been revised into Law No. 2 of 2011 concerning Political Parties.
This process continued in the 2009 and 2014 elections with different
themes. In the 2014 election there was a decrease in the number of
women in parliament from 18% to 17%. The obligation of political
parties to nominate at least 30% of female candidates from the total
number of candidates in each electoral district is mandated by the
Election Law and the existence of PKPU which allows the KPU to
cross political parties from electoral participation in electoral districts
whose female candidates are less than 30%. This has indeed
succeeded in increasing the percentage of the nomination of female
candidates, but this does not automatically increase women's
electability. The same thing happens not only at the central level but
also in regions such as Jambi. For this reason, the main problem in
this research is: "How is the Participation of Women in Politics in
Jambi Province?"
This research is carried out in Jambi Province which consists
of eleven cities-districts. This type of research is qualitative with the
case study method that is a method that can reveal in detail the
phenomenon or situation of the analysis unit in the form of
individuals, groups of individuals or other entities based on
information collected systematically. The main problem that will be
the target of this study is the participation of women in politics in
Jambi Province, a case study of five politicians by observing the
roles, opportunities and challenges they face and the strategies that
are carried out. The data collection techniques are through
observation, interviews and documentation. The approach used is the
gender approach and political sociology.
The results of the study show that macro participation of
women in politics in Indonesia since the reforms until the 2014
Election is classified as low both in quantity and quality. The
quantity is still very far from 30%. In terms of quality, there are stillmany issues related to gender that have not been resolved, e.g., the
still high level of poverty, low HDI, or the high rates of maternal and
infant mortality.
Nationally the main problem related to women's
representation is institutional. If social problems are seen from
people's opinions about women's representation such as UNDP
survey results, social problems are not the main inhibiting factor.
However, social and institutional problems become a major problem
in Jambi Province. The most inhibiting socio-cultural problems are
community customs and domestic barriers. Nationally there are
practices of family politics (dynastic politics) which show that 36%
have family relations with party leaders or elites. This is also the case
in Jambi Province which shows female legislators who have family
relations with the regional head or former regional head. This has a
negative impact especially on preventing the implementation of a fair
election. Dynasty politics undermine women's trust in being elected
legislators and a form of abuse of affirmative policies for women.
The movement of women's social and political organizations
in Jambi is very dynamic, especially in women's organizations such
as Nasyiatul ?Aisyiah, Fatayat NU and BKMT, and Non-
Governmental Organizations. However, substantially there are no
activists from women's organizations who are members of the
legislature in Jambi Province. Often women's organizations such as
BKMT are used by female candidates. Likewise with KPI Jambi
region, Non-Governmental Organizations that grew up during the
reform period have not been maximized in fighting for women's
political rights. In fact, often their voices are not heard by the female
candidates themselves. Thus, social capital is not considered
important by women and political parties. Political parties prioritize
economic capital rather than social capital. Based on the experience
of several politicians from 1999 to 2014, the structural patron was
stronger than identity solidarity which caused the role of women in
politics to not be maximized.
The short-term strategy is not effective in building awareness
of the people of Jambi which has implications for the long-term
strategy, although gender development in Jambi Province has
increased. The absence of short-term and long-term synchronization
strategies is caused by a process that is cut in building awareness
causing long-term strategies to be ineffective automatically. Thus,
women's representation is not able to be achieved if individuals? micro-awareness is not awakened resulted in a patriarchal structure
to survive and there is no awakening of identity solidarity about
Jambi. In the end, the long history of Jambi that was once led by a
brave woman is still far from expectations.
PB  - UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
KW  - Democracy
KW  -  Participation
KW  -  Parliament
KW  -  New Order
KW  - 
Reform
KW  -  30% Representation
M1  - doctoral
TI  - PARSTISIPASI PEREMPUAN DALAM POLITIK
Studi Peran, Peluang, dan Tantangan Perempuan Dalam
Politik di Provinsi Jambi
AV  - restricted
EP  - 284
ER  -