@phdthesis{digilib35065,
           month = {May},
           title = {THE HOLY MALE GAZE IN MARTIN LINGS?S ?MUHAMMAD:
HIS LIFE BASED ON THE EARLIEST SOURCES? NOVEL},
          school = {UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA},
          author = {NIM, 15150018 ARINA HASBANA},
            year = {2019},
            note = {Ulyati Retno Sari, S.S., M.Hum},
        keywords = {gender, Aishah, focalization, male gaze, characteristics, gender, Aishah, fokalisasi, male gaze, karakteristik},
             url = {https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/35065/},
        abstract = {Abstract
Woman is often regarded as the sexual object. Aishah has been chosen in this
study because she is a character that is depicted in a unique way. She is the
youngest wife of the Prophet Muhammad. Author?s gender subjectivity will
always attach in the way of seeing things. ?Muhammad: His Life Based on the
Earliest Sources? is a novel written by Martin Lings. As a male writer, Martin
Lings describes the female character (Aishah) according to his gender
subjectivity. The description of a female character by a male author is gender
refraction. Gender refraction is social construction of women and men in society.
So that, male gaze is included in this process. The aim of this research is to find
how the character of Aishah is narrated by the male author in the story. The
method of this research is qualitative method that applies descriptive analysis. The
researcher uses library research to find the appropriate data of this research. A
theory used in this study is Narratology theory by Mieke Bal. It focuses on the
focalization that talks about Aishah. Focalization is categorized into the type of
focalization, the focalizer and the focalized object. The result of this research
concludes that the male gaze is powerful and Aishah is powerless. Male gaze is
the determiner of all things relate to the character. How reader sees Aishah, her
life, her characteristics, and her existence in the story depends on how male gaze
describe the things.
Keywords: gender, Aishah, focalization, male gaze, characteristics}
}