?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fdigilib.uin-suka.ac.id%2Fid%2Feprint%2F39654%2F&rft.title=MUSLIMS++IN++THE+AMERICAN+CINEMA+%3A+MEDIA+CONTESTATION+AND+POLITICS+OF+++REPRESENTATION&rft.creator=Witriani%2C+-&rft.subject=Artikel+Dosen&rft.description=Muslims+have+been+existed++in+America+since+the+pre-colonial+period+and+increased+along+the+Nation+and+formed++the+America+as+today.+They+came+from+many+different+places+namely+South+Asia%2C++Africa+and++Middle+East.+However%2C+being+minority++among+the++other+two+of+Abrahamic+religions%2C+++Muslims++have+not+been+fully+accepted+%2C+especially++in+media.+Not+only+because+of+its+small+amount+of+the+community++and+thus+have+less++power+among+Christianity+and+Jews%2C+but++the+discrimination++and+labeling++toward++this+religion+has+led+to+phobia%2C+a+threat++that++do+++not+only++have+a+negative++influence+on+certain+ethnicity+(Arabic)+of+Muslims+in+America+but+Islam+as+a+whole.+As+Shaheen+(2000%3A23)+mentions%2C+up+to++the+year+of++2000%2C+there+are++more+than+800+feature+films+and++hundreds+of+television++newscasts%2C+documentaries%2C+entertainment+shows%2C+ranging+from++animated+cartoon+to+soap++opera+to+movies+of+the+week+which+++construct+Muslim+and+Arab+in+an+hostile%2C+negative%2C++and+militant+way.+This+number++was+even++multiply+after+the+tragedy+of++11+September+2009.++%0D%0AThe+objective+of+this+paper+is+to+find+out+the+cultural+representation+of++Muslims+in++America%2C+especially++through+++the+movie.+How++and+why+Hollywood++depicts++Muslims+stereotypes+on+the+screens+which++imply++the++negation++of+American++society+toward++this+religion+as+a+whole.+One+of+the+interesting+thing+of+those+depictions++is+that+the+Islamic+representation++is+mostly+limited+to+Arabic+ethnicity.++As++Israel+and+Palestine++are+conflicting++++and+American+interference+in+the+Middle+East+are+getting+intense%2C+the+depiction+of+++Islam++in+the+movie+++is+mostly++related+to++%E2%80%98alien%E2%80%99%2C+violent+stranger++and+++the+terrorist+of+the+world.+The+similar+presentation+from+one+film+to+another%2C++which+is+indeed++based+on+Western+perception%2C+++has+led+to++form+certain+ideology+which+is+believed++as+a+truth.+In+this+sense%2C++as+a+media+of++representation%2C+film++is+no+longer+seen+as++narratives+art+per+se+which+is+supposed+to+be+neutral%2C+entertaining%2C+and++apolitical.++Through+this+film+%2Cit+is+seen+an+ideological+system+%2C+an+institution++which++compose+conflicting++class+and+interest+which++all++competing+++for+dominance.++Ideological+storage+especially++the+Western+perspective+%2C+cultural+practice%2C+historical+perspectives+or+even+such+political+interests++are+all+mingled+to+++contribute++presenting++Islam+and+Muslim++in+a+different+and+limited++way.+When+a+particular++construction+of+certain+movies++is+followed+by++similar++pattern+of+presentation+%2C++++as++the++Hollywood++intensively+does++toward+the+Muslims++and+any+other+minority+groups%2C++the+++impact++is+not+only++about+++the++messages+sent+to+the+audience+but+++also+ideology+and+knowledge+production+.&rft.publisher=FAKULTAS+ADAB+DAN+ILMU+BUDAYA&rft.date=2015-11-18&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdigilib.uin-suka.ac.id%2Fid%2Feprint%2F39654%2F1%2Fartikel%2520bu%2520witri.pdf&rft.identifier=++Witriani%2C+-++(2015)+MUSLIMS+IN+THE+AMERICAN+CINEMA+%3A+MEDIA+CONTESTATION+AND+POLITICS+OF+REPRESENTATION.++Discussion+Paper.+FAKULTAS+ADAB+DAN+ILMU+BUDAYA.+++++