@phdthesis{digilib66454,
           month = {June},
           title = {TOLERANSI BERAGAMA DALAM PERKEMBANGAN INTERAKSI UMAT ISLAM TERHADAP UMAT KRISTIANI DI MAGELANG, 1900-1942 M.},
          school = {UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA},
          author = {NIM.: 18300016074 Muh Fatkhan},
            year = {2024},
            note = {Promotor: Prof. Dr. Dudung Abdurahman, M.Hum dan Dr. Nurul Hak, M.Hum.},
        keywords = {Toleransi, Umat Islam, Umat Kristiani, NU, Muhammadiyah, Muslim Arab, Magelang},
             url = {https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/66454/},
        abstract = {This research discusses the tolerance resulting from interactions
between Muslims and Christians in Magelang between 1900 and 1942.
This historical study employs a sociological approach with the aim to
elucidate: 1) The development of Muslims and Christians in
Magelang. 2) Forms of tolerance between Muslims and Christians. 3)
Forms of tolerance within Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah, and
4) factors supporting the harmonization of religious life in Magelang.
The researcher adapts Geir Afdal and Reiner Forst's concepts of
tolerance to identify tolerance in the interactions between Muslims and
Christians in Magelang. Afdal identifies three types of tolerance:
endurance, being unprejudiced, and openness, while Forst introduces
three forms of tolerance conception: the permission conception, the
co-existence conception, and the respect conception. Each theory is
utilized by the researcher to identify how tolerance occurs in specific
events and what motives lie behind it; whether related to political
power or grounded in morality and equal civil rights. Following the
research process, the researcher finds that: first, Islam, Protestantism,
and Confucianism had entered Magelang before the arrival of Father
Van Lith for Christian missions coinciding with the implementation of
ethical political policies. The increasing Catholic mission
development provoked reactions from Muslims. Second, interactions
between Muslims (Arab Muslim figures, NU figures, and
Muhammadiyah figures) and Christians are motivated by both
political power and morality, resulting in various types of tolerance.
Third, interactions between Muhammadiyah and NU organizations
overall involve a balance of political power and are practicalinstrumental
in nature, resulting in endurance-type tolerance. Finally,
the relatively harmonious religious life in Magelang is supported by at
least three factors: past tolerance events, the gentle nature of Javanese
people, and the efforts of religious elites to foster harmony.}
}