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KOMUNISME DAN NEGARA DALAM PANDANGAN SUKARNO DAN ISA ANSHARY, 1945-1970
Sukarno and Isa Anshary are two figures who are representatives of nationalist-secular and Islamic politics. The main problem in this study is the views of Sukarno and Isa Anshary on communism, so that these views were very influential in the views of the state and the political attitudes of the two figures in Indonesia in 1945-1970. Discourses about Sukarno and Isa Anshary are often portrayed within the framework of nationalism and ideological vis-à-vis between secularism and Islam, but in this research there is a more specific context among the ideological debates that took place, namely the views on communism and the state between Sukarno and Isa Anshari. This research is a study of the history of political thought using historical methods. In the historical method, there are several stages, namely heuristics or collecting sources, at this stage collecting sources in the form of primary and secondary sources related to research; the next stage is source criticism, namely testing the validity of the sources that have been collected; the next stage is interpretation or interpretation, namely interpreting historical events based on related reading sources; The final stage is historiography, namely writing history. This study uses intellectual history as the main approach which is analyzed by the theory of intellectual transmutation, while the hermeneutics and politics approach as a science of analytical aids and supported by the theory of reconstruction and behavioral politics. The findings in this study are, first, Sukarno's and Isa Anshary's views on communism were the result of the continuity of ideological debates that occurred in the 1930s until the beginning of independence in Indonesia, so that the thoughts of the two figures about communism had an impact on their views on the country and their political attitudes. Second, there is an intellectual background that supports the divergence of Sukarno's and Isa Anshary's views towards communism. Ali Abd al-Raziq, Karl Marx, At-Taturk, were figures who influenced Sukarno's thinking, while Al-Afghani, Abduh, and Rasyid Ridha were intellectual influences for Isa Anshary. Third, Isa Anshary's views on the state and his struggle for Islamic ideology were actually a response to rejection or resistance to Sukarno who accommodated the ideology of communism and the power of the PKI in the 1955 elections, the 1956-1959 constituent assembly, and the Nasakomization initiated by Sukarno during the Guided Democracy period. Fourth, Sukarno and Isa Anshary's thoughts on communism and the state had a major impact on the emergence of political polarization ahead of 1955, conflicts among the elite to the grassroots of Indonesian society, and the traumatic emergence of the rise of communism and Islamic politics in contemporary political narratives in Indonesia.
FAKULTAS ADAB DAN ILMU BUDAYA, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
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