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JAPUIK TABAO: DIALEKTIKA POLIGAMI DALAM SISTEM MATRILINEAL (KONSTRUKSI REALITAS ADAT PERKAWINAN DI MINANGKABAU ABAD 20)
Women occupy a central role in the Minangkabau kinship system, which is fundamentally structured in matrilineal lineage, and the men of that lineage lead the family. The impact of this role creates women’s rights to ownership of harta pusako (customary property) and men’s rights to ownership of sako (customary titles) to lead the family based on the matrilocal resident structure. These two provisions relate to marriage customs, with the tendency for massive polygamy practices by Minangkabau society in the 20th-century. In social dynamics, polygamous marriage customs interacted with Islamic law and modernity. At the same time, the Dutch East Indies government drafted a registered marriage ordinance (1937) to engineer the practice of monogamy. Massive polygamy and the draft ordinance were responded to by adat, Islam and modern elites, sparking a dialectic of polygamy in 20th-century Minangkabau. From these three elite societies, polygamy was reflected in custom, religion, and modernity discourses. This research aims to understand how the dialectics of polygamy contributed to the dynamics of the transformation of marriage customs and to analyze this transformation into a construction of social reality that had contributed to the formation of ideal patterns of marriage practices and family structures in Minangkabau society in the 20th-century. This research is qualitative and uses a literature method. It is descriptive-analytic in style and explained with thematic history and socio-legal approaches. Data sources consist of secondary materials (documentation) related to polygamy and marriage customs in Minangkabau in the 20th-century. Data analysis was conducted in five stages; data collection, reduction, presentation, interpretation, and conclusion. Data interpretation was examined with the construction of social reality theory. The results revealed that polygamy in 20th-century Minangkabau was initially cohesive within the matrilineal system and social prestige. However, it has also impacted the injustice of women. This reflection sparked a dialectic of polygamy in three discourses (custom, Islam, and modernity). Although customary discourse is reinforced by Islamic law to justify polygamy, the discourse of modernity through modern elites advocates monogamy and gender equality as an effort to modernize marriage customs. This transformation creates a construction of the reality of marriage customs with the internalization of the primary reality, which is polygamy-matrilocal, while the secondary reality is monogamy-neolocal. These two realities form an ideal marriage practice pattern and family structure emphasizing beneficence and justice. The primary reality’s neglect of justice is answered in the secondary reality through the japuik tabao mechanism in a more inclusive marriage customs based on the integration of customs, Islam and modernity.
FAKULTAS SYARI’AH DAN HUKUM, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
JAPUIK TABAO: DIALEKTIKA POLIGAMI DALAM SISTEM MATRILINEAL (KONSTRUKSI REALITAS ADAT PERKAWINAN DI MINANGKABAU ABAD 20) (Text)
JAPUIK TABAO: DIALEKTIKA POLIGAMI DALAM SISTEM MATRILINEAL (KONSTRUKSI REALITAS ADAT PERKAWINAN DI MINANGKABAU ABAD 20) (Other)
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297.577 Hukum Keluarga Islam, Bimbingan Pernikahan, Poligami, Perceraian, Iddah, Pengasuhan Anak)