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KRITIK TERHADAP POLA HIDUP POSITIVISTIK DALAM NOVEL KHOTBAH DI ATAS BUKIT (PERSPEKTIF SEYYED HOSSEIN NASR)
The novel Sermon on the Mount tells the story of a character named Barman, whose life moves from one country to another, and playing with women is what makes him happy. Barman's very positivistic perspective makes him very anthropocentric. His encounter with Humam changed his mindset, and he began to see things transcendentally. Today, the positivistic lifestyle promoted by the West has caused modern humans to experience psychological and spiritual degradation. Kuntowijoyo, in this novel, criticizes modern humans for being anthropocentric and ignoring the spiritual dimension of humans, so that humans are not much different from robots. The criticism in this novel is in line with the views of Seyyed Hossein Nasr, who condemns the positivistic view of the West and calls it the cause of humanistic decline. The problem formulation that the author tries to raise in this research is how is the positivistic lifestyle depicted in the novel Khotbah di Atas Bukit? How is Seyyed Hossein Nasr's criticism of positivism reflected in the novel Khotbah di Atas Bukit? From the formulation of the problem, this research becomes interesting to study. The method used in this research is library research. The data that the author uses in the research are the novel Khotbah di Atas Bukit by Kuntowijoyo and the works of Seyyed Hossein Nasr, such as The Garden of Truth, Between God, Man, and Nature, Islam and the Nestapa of Modern Man, etc. The data collection techniques applied in this research are symbolic reading, reading at the semantic level, recording and collecting data. Then the data obtained will be analyzed with descriptive analysis techniques. The results found in the first research, the positivistic lifestyle that Barman lived made him see humans and their surroundings only as material. His failure to see true human values causes his happiness to be pseudo, even though he seeks different tranquility such as in the hills. Barman cannot find true peace because he is unable to change his way of thinking. This is also reflected in his relationship with Popi, whom he sees as a mere means of gratification. Popi herself uses Barman to achieve the happiness and peace she seeks. Humam's character in the novel shows a view of life that contradicts positivism, but Barman, who is trapped in a materialistic mindset, fails to understand or live Humam's teachings deeply. Secondly, Nasr criticizes the adverse effects of modernity, highlighting its role in alienating humans from nature, spirituality and the Divine. This critique is embodied in the character of Barman, who despite living in a city with abundant luxuries, experiences deep anxiety and a loss of meaning in life. Barman, who is described as a wealthy but troubled former diplomat, feels an emptiness behind his material wealth. This reflects Nasr's critique of urban life that is disconnected from spirituality and treats humans as agents of exploitation of nature, without a spiritual dimension. Nasr argues that a positivistic worldview fails to integrate human spiritual experience, leading to spiritual destruction and mental illnesses such as anxiety and loss of existential meaning. The critique of positivism in the novel highlights that without a balance between the material and the spiritual, humans will continue to be trapped in endless anxiety, even as they seek happiness outside of themselves. This is in line with Nasr's critique of modernity and the need to return to spirituality as a solution to humanity's existential crisis.
FAKULTAS USHULUDDIN DAN PEMIKIRAN ISLAM, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
KRITIK TERHADAP POLA HIDUP POSITIVISTIK DALAM NOVEL KHOTBAH DI ATAS BUKIT (PERSPEKTIF SEYYED HOSSEIN NASR) (Text)
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