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STRATEGIC GIVING ANTARA FILANTROPI KELOMPOK KEAGAMAAN TARBIYAH DAN SALAFI DI KOTA MALANG: SEBUAH STUDI KOMPARATIF
This dissertation aims to explore the differences in characteristics, strategies, and complexities in the philanthropic practices of the Tarbiyah and Salafi Islamic groups in Malang City. The phenomenon of two distinct religious philanthropies, namely Tarbiyah with political objectives and Salafi with its characteristic global Salafism advocacy in philanthropic practices, is examined. This research employs the theory of Voluntary Action for the Public Good through the concept of Strategic Giving to analyze the practices of both groups. The research questions include the differences in characteristics, strategies of philanthropic practices, the application of the Voluntary Action for the Public Good theory, and the complexities of the giving and receiving processes in the context of the philanthropy of the Tarbiyah and Salafi groups in Malang City. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with a sociological perspective. Data sources from the Tarbiyah group were obtained through interviews with the director and staff of the Ash-Shohwah Social Charity Foundation (LAZ YASA) in Malang, supplemented with donors and recipients of assistance from LAZ YASA. Meanwhile, data from the Salafi group were gathered from the founders and staff of the Bina Mujtama Foundation (YBM) in Malang, followed by donors who are also YBM parents. The goal of this research is to reveal the differences in philanthropic practices and Strategic Giving between the Tarbiyah and Salafi religious groups in Malang City. The research findings present key discoveries regarding the philanthropic practices carried out by the Tarbiyah and Salafi Islamic groups in Malang City, focusing on complex and often controversial aspects. First, the religious study characteristics of social piety among the Tarbiyah group indicate a strategy of involving cadres and sympathizers—particularly students—in philanthropic programs that seem not solely aimed at social welfare but also serve as tools for strengthening the group's identity and expanding their political influence. Cross-sector collaborations they engage in, though seemingly inclusive, may be methods to reinforce their ideological hegemony within society. On the other hand, the Salafi group demonstrates a different form of social piety, focusing on strengthening religious authority under the influence of Kiai Agus, a Puritan Salafi. In this context, social piety appears more as a manifestation of religious control asserting Salafism's dominance in a predominantly heterogeneous society. Second, Strategic Giving within the Tarbiyah group is evident in the use of religious studies inurban mosques, which not only aim to spread religious teachings but also to expand their political and social influence among urban communities. Meanwhile, the Salafi group utilizes Kiai Agus's authority to reaffirm Salafism, particularly in the development of the Al-Umm Islamic Boarding School, which functions as an ideological and philanthropic center, further solidifying the divide between their group and the surrounding traditional community. Third, the research uncovers the complexities of donors and religious motivations faced by both groups. The Tarbiyah group, utilizing both material and spiritual aid and promoting almsgiving as a lifestyle, appears not only to aim at helping the community but also at building a broader power network. In contrast, the Salafi group uses philanthropy as a means for the hereafter, with long-term impacts, much like the Islamic education it promotes, which is intended as amal jariyah (continuous charity). Fourth, the application of the Voluntary Action for the Public Good theory in the context of foundation funding demonstrates how both groups utilize philanthropy as a Strategic giving tool with more complex implications. In the Tarbiyah group, funding is often tied to political interests, blurring the boundaries between religious propagation and political campaigns. Meanwhile, in the Salafi group, funding is directed towards reinforcing Salafi ideology, which is heavily ideologically driven. The findings of this research reveal an integration between proselytization and philanthropy, where philanthropy no longer functions solely as a social activity but also as a strategic tool for spreading religious teachings and strengthening social and political networks.
PASCASARJANA, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
STRATEGIC GIVING ANTARA FILANTROPI KELOMPOK KEAGAMAAN TARBIYAH DAN SALAFI DI KOTA MALANG: SEBUAH STUDI KOMPARATIF (Text)
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