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SUBALTERN OPPRESSION AND RESISTANCE AS SEEN IN BIOGRAPHICAL FILMS: MALCOLM X (1992) AND SOEKARNO (2013)
This research examines the oppression experienced by Subaltern in Malcolm X and Soekarno films, two biographical films about influential figures in the Western world and Indonesia. This research specifically focuses on investigating how the resistance strategy used by Malcolm X and Soekarno in resisting oppression as leaders of subaltern groups, using Subaltern theory by Gayatri Chakravorty as a framework. Using descriptive qualitative analysis, this research reveals Malcolm X and Soekarno faced challenges with different resistance strategies. Malcolm X used radical methods, on the other hand Soekarno used moderate methods. In addition, this research also evaluates which struggle strategies are more effective in achieving change and freedom of rights between the two characters. This research underscores the impact that the resistance strategies they use on the social life of the subaltern groups they fight for their rights for. The researcher concluded that in Malcolm X and Soekarno films, subaltern groups experience oppression in different situations. In the Malcolm X film, racism against black people in the United States includes oppression through discrimination in access to employment and violence. In the Soekarno film, the colonization of Indonesia by the Dutch includes oppression through economic exploitation and social hierarchy. Researcher also concluded that moderate resistance strategies, which focus on negotiation and cooperation, are more successful in achieving independence and sovereignty. In contrast, the radical resistance strategy that focused on racial segregation had more problems and was less successful in achieving these goals. Compared to Malcolm X's radical strategy, Soekarno's moderate resistance strategy was more effective in achieving the right to independence.
FAKULTAS ADAB DAN ILMU BUDAYA, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
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