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KADERISASI ULAMA PEREMPUAN JAMAAH TABLIGH DI PESANTREN DAR EL-WIHDAH, SRAGEN, JAWA TENGAH
In general, authority and leadership in public spaces within the Jamaah Tabligh (a missionary movement) are predominantly controlled by men, as is common in many contemporary patriarchal religious traditions. While women play a significant role in education, studies on women’s roles in the Jamaah Tabligh largely omit discussions on their religious authority. This research examines the educational processes and knowledge transmission at Pesantren (Islamic Boarding School) Dar El-Wihdah, Sragen, focusing on the formation and development of female ulama (Islamic scholars) within the Jamaah Tabligh. A key inquiry addresses how pesantren structures cultivate and empower female Jamaah Tabligh students with religious authority. Using Richard A. Nielsen’s pragmatic theory of women’s empowerment, this study explores how authority is extended to women within patriarchal norms to reinforce the movement’s patriarchal base. Theories of sameness and difference are also applied to examine the unique positioning of female ulama within the Dar El- Wihdah Pesantren context. Ethnographic methods were employed, including participant observation and semi-structured and unstructured in-depth interviews with 17 informants: 4 leaders/owners, 4 alumni, 9 students, and 1 participant from taklim (religious teaching) activities. Data was validated using triangulation of techniques and sources, combining observation, interviews, and document analysis. This study finds that: (1) Pesantren Dar El-Wihdah consolidates patriarchal authority by positioning female ulama as key figures with unrestricted access to women’s spaces. (2) Female ulama serve as da’wah (missionary) agents amid inter-organizational religious influence. The school emphasizes clerical training with specialized facilities, such as Rumah Quran (Quran House) and Marhalah Ta’lim Aly (higher learning programs), creating a cadre of Jamaah Tabligh female clerics who operate within an extended, though limited, public sphere.
PASCASARJANA, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
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