@mastersthesis{digilib71108,
           month = {April},
           title = {DETERMINAN DEGRADASI LINGKUNGAN DI NEGARA ANGGOTA UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE (UNFCCC)},
          school = {UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA},
          author = {NIM.: 23208011026 Muhammad Fajrul Hakim},
            year = {2025},
            note = {Dr. Muhammad Ghafur Wibowo, S.E., M.Sc.},
        keywords = {Degradasi Lingkungan, PMG-ARDL, UNFCCC},
             url = {https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/71108/},
        abstract = {Maintaining environmental sustainability is a challenge for every country in the modern era. Human activities in improving the economy through industry and exploitation trigger an increase in carbon emissions and become the main cause of climate change. This study aims to analyse the effect of economic growth, industrialization, renewable energy, population growth, and agriculture on environmental degradation in member of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) during the period 2002 to 2021 which are divided into three samples based on economic characteristic and carbon emissions level. The Pooled Mean Group-Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) model was used to analyse the long-run and short-run relationship between the independent variables and dependent variable. This study shows that in the long-run economic growth has a positive effect only in cluster one samples, but in the short run it affects all clusters. Industrialization has a positive effect in the long run in all sample clusters, but no effect in the short run. Renewable energy has a negative effect in all sample clusters in the short and long term. Population growth in the long run has a negative effect in cluster samples two and three, but no effect in the short run. Agriculture has a positive effect in the long run in cluster samples one and three, but no effect in the short run. This finding confirms thar factors affecting environmental degradation increase are heterogeneous, which requires environmental degradation mitigation policies to be tailored to different country characteristics.}
}