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EKSISTENSI PENGANUT KEPERCAYAAN PEMENA DALAM MASYARAKAT PLURAL DI DESA JUHAR KABUPATEN KARO SUMATERA UTARA
Pemena is an indigenous belief system originating from the ancestors of the karo's etnis, and has a crucial role in shaping their cultural identity and social practices. But, since the 19th century, the spread of major religions into the Karo region, along with political policies requiring individuals to adhere to one of the five officially recognized religions, has led to a significant decline in Pemena’s followers. The massive religious conversion efforts made the Karo region a primary target, causing many people to shift to official religions. Consequently, the number of Pemena adherents has steadily decreased, and those who continue to practice this belief do so in secrecy to avoid social and administrative pressures. This study aims to understand the adaptation strategies employed by Pemena adherents to sustain their beliefs in an increasingly pluralistic society, as well as to explore the process of transmitting Pemena teachings to the current generation. This research adopts a socio-anthropological approach with a field research method based on a descriptive-qualitative framework. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving Pemena adherents, traditional leaders, and the surrounding community. The snowball sampling technique was applied to reach as many Pemena adherents as possible, considering that this belief system has become increasingly closed due to external pressures. The analysis applies Erving Goffman's dramaturgical theory, conceptualizing social interaction as theatrical performance where individuals modulate frontstage and backstage behaviors to navigate societal expectations. The findings indicate that Pemena followers adopt a dual identity strategy to navigate their social and political environment. Administratively, they recognize an official religion to fulfill civil registration requirements and gain social acceptance. However, in their daily lives, they continue to practice Pemena teachings, rituals, and spiritual traditions inherited from their ancestors. This belief system persists due to its strong connection to real-life aspects, particularly in ensuring safety, happiness, and well-being. Additionally, Pemena continues to play a significant role in various aspects of Karo society, such as traditional healing practices, agricultural sustainability, and maintaining harmonious relationships with ancestors and nature. Despite the decline in the number of its adherents, Pemena’s values continue to be passed down and adapted within the cultural practices and traditional customs of the Karo people. This belief system remains relevant through integration with official religious structures and the social roles maintained by its followers within their communities. Thus, Pemena has not entirely disappeared but has undergone a adaptation that allows its values to persist in an increasingly religiously and culturally diverse society.
FAKULTAS USHULUDDIN DAN PEMIKIRAN ISLAM, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
EKSISTENSI PENGANUT KEPERCAYAAN PEMENA DALAM MASYARAKAT PLURAL DI DESA JUHAR KABUPATEN KARO SUMATERA UTARA (Text)
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