relation: https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/71190/
title: JEJARING EKONOMI POLITIK PEDAGANG MUSLIM: ANALISIS MOBILISASI KEKUASAAN DAN KONFLIK SOSIAL BAZAAR DI IRAN DALAM PERSIAN SPRING
creator: Reza Bakhtiar Ramadhan, NIM.: 19300012014
subject: Kajian Timur Tengah
description: This dissertation examines the economic-political network of the  Bazaar in Iran, which plays a central role in shaping informal public  discourse through societal political channels. Within the structure of the  Bazaar, there are various subgroups with different ideologies and political  affiliations, led by the Bazaar elite. The diversity of these Bazaar subgroups  has the potential to cause social conflicts within the Bazaar, driven by  conflicts of interest. Historically, the Bazaar has been closely linked to  social movements that have shaped Iran's socio-political landscape, both as  opposition and as supporters of the ruling regime. The structure and  economic-political network of the Bazaar are complemented by a mass  base of middle-class Bazaaris who are assumed to adopt populist ideologies  in political matters. The defeat of Mir-Hossein Mousavi in the 2009  presidential election activated the Green Movement as the largest protest  and demonstration since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, demanding justice  over electoral fraud. On the other hand, Bazaaris, with their populist  ideology, also joined these protests and demonstrations to advocate for  their political interests through the Persian Spring movement. The  Bazaaris’ resistance against the regime focused on demands for justice in  economic policies that severely harmed the Bazaar's trade markets,  particularly due to the regime’s failure in the JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive  Plan of Action) nuclear deal, which disrupted the export-import business  flow. Furthermore, the ruling regime sought to legitimize the status quo  through policies such as tax hikes, price controls, and the privatization of  the private sector, aiming to eliminate the Bazaar as an economic-political  institution.  This research aims to describe the economic-political network of the  Bazaaris; to explain the power mobilization of the bazaar, the Bazaaris, and  their socio-political and economic-political alliances vis-à-vis the ruling  regime; to examine the relationship between the Persian Spring and the  Arab Spring from an economic-political perspective; and to analyze the  extent to which the social conflicts within the Bazaar during the Persian  Spring have shaped the socio-political and economic-political dynamics  amid the ideological struggles in Iran. The study employs Raymond  Hinnebusch’s historical sociology framework, which views social  movements as historical phenomena characterized by recurring patterns  over time. According to Hinnebusch, revolutionary movements, protests,  and uprisings are shaped by the complex interplay of economic, political,  cultural, and social factors. To further enrich the analysis of social mobilization activism, the study also adopts Asef Bayat’s approach. This  framework allows for an in-depth examination of the intersection between  social movements, Islam, and the political economy of the Bazaaris in the  context of the Persian Spring—considering aspects such as ideology,  discourse, actors, movements, and political motivations. The research  employs a mixed-methods approach for data collection, including the  inventory of both digital and physical literature sources, as well as field  research through observation, documentation, and interviews conducted  both online and offline.  This study demonstrates that the role and involvement of the  Bazaaris in the Persian Spring was notably significant. The Bazaaris  mobilized their economic-political networks to galvanize public  participation through a shared collective consciousness shaped by  geopolitical pressures, authoritarian governance, and policy disparities.  Utilizing the principles of democratization, the Bazaaris—acting as  political agents—succeeded in integrating various strands of political  ideologies that emerged in the aftermath of the 1979 Islamic Revolution  into a unified populist framework. Furthermore, as a traditional economic  institution, the bazaar did not reject the principles of economic liberalism  per se, but strongly opposed the cultural infiltration of foreign values into  Iranian societal traditions—an opposition largely endorsed by the religious  clerical class (mullahs). This argument is reinforced by the thesis that the  Persian Spring should be understood as a patterned series of historical  phenomena, rather than as a novel social movement. However, what  distinguishes the Persian Spring is its locus of control—internally driven  by the economic interests of the Bazaaris, and externally motivated by the  broader struggle to reform the socio-political and economic conditions of  Iranian civil society.
date: 2025-05-15
type: Thesis
type: NonPeerReviewed
format: text
language: id
identifier: https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/71190/1/19300012014_BAB-I_IV-atau-V_DAFTAR-PUSTAKA.pdf
format: text
language: id
identifier: https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/71190/2/19300012014_BAB-II_sampai_SEBELUM-BAB-TERAKHIR.pdf
identifier:   Reza Bakhtiar Ramadhan, NIM.: 19300012014  (2025) JEJARING EKONOMI POLITIK PEDAGANG MUSLIM: ANALISIS MOBILISASI KEKUASAAN DAN KONFLIK SOSIAL BAZAAR DI IRAN DALAM PERSIAN SPRING.  Doctoral thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA.