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GERAKAN AYO MENGAJI’ (GERAMI) DI KOTA JAMBI: AGENSI DAN IDENTITAS KEAGAMAAN PEREMPUAN
This dissertation examines the Qur’anic movement and the active mobility of urban Muslim women, taking the case of ‘Gerakan Ayo Mengaji’ (GERAMI) in Jambi City. GERAMI is a movement that promotes Al-Qur’an learning based in mosques within the community, particularly among women (mothers). While most pengajian groups position women in a receptive role as recipients of knowledge, GERAMI emphasizes active participation, contribution, and social mobility of women in the public sphere. Given the relatively limited focus of studies on women's religious movements on personal piety, this dissertation offers a broader perspective by exploring the diverse expressions of women in the Al-Qur'an movement, which does not make individual piety its main focus. This dissertation seeks to answer the questions about the background and development of GERAMI in relation to women’s activism, and the process of women's agency in relation to their efforts to claim public space. It also explains their reason for using Qur’anic tradition as a tool to shape their religious identity. Employing ethnographic methods, this dissertation aims to understand the dynamics of women’s activism in the context of the emergence and development of GERAMI in Jambi City. Research data were collected through observation and participation in activities at preparatory classes, mosques, and other informal activities; as well as interviews with 19 informants, including initiators, volunteers, and supporting informants. Supporting data were obtained from the collection of photo documentation, membership archives, and social media content. The data were then analysed in depth using the concepts of piety agency and Muslim subjectivity as a theoretical framework. This research identifies several main findings. First, the establishment of GERAMI as a Qur’anic movement demonstrates that the emergence of a religious movement is not always related to the collectivity of agents and religious authority. The movement was initiated by a single urban Muslim woman without formal religious education background. Nonetheless, the success of this movement is supported by the significant capital possessed by this woman, such as economic, cultural, and social capital. Second, as a response to the identity crisis, GERAMI provides an alternative space for urban Muslim women who face domestic obstacles in accessing public space amidst the urban modernity. Active participation in the movement not only facilitates their transition from domestic to public religious roles, but also serves as a strategic mechanism for gaining and articulating agency. In this context, individual capabilities and modalities influence the articulation of individual agency within the Qur’anic movement. Third, by choosing the Qur’anic movement, women can create a space to express and shape their religious identity as ideal Muslims - which they understand as a balance between the worldly and the hereafter. Beyond accessibility and affordability, the theological status of the Al-Qur’an as a sacred text crucially establishes it as a central symbol of individual piety expression and the shaping of their religious identity. Consequently, GERAMI serves as a strategy for women in balancing social aspirations in the public space with obedience to religious teachings. This movement presents a dual arena of expression for women, namely public participation as well as the articulation of pious agency as the formation of their religious identity.
PASCASARJANA, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
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