%0 Thesis
%9 Skripsi
%A Muhamad Bardan Salaman, NIM.: 21103060024
%B FAKULTAS SYARI’AH DAN HUKUM
%D 2025
%F digilib:72207
%I UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
%K Pandemi Covid-19, Salat Jumat Dua Shift, Perubahan Hukum Islam
%P 131
%T DINAMIKA HUKUM SALAT JUMAT KETIKA PANDEMI COVID-19  (ANALISIS FATWA PERNYATAAN PENGHENTIAN SALAT JUMAT DAN FATWA ID: 87757 DARI ASSEMBLY OF MUSLIM JURISTS OF AMERICA)
%U https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/72207/
%X The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the implementation of Friday prayers, which are considered farḍu 'ain (individual obligation), forcing various adjustments such as canceling Friday prayers or implementing them with a two-shift system. This research examines the changes in fatwas issued by the Assembly of Muslim Jurists of America (AMJA), which initially prohibited congregational prayers but later permitted two-shift Friday prayers after considering pandemic developments and CDC guidelines. Although this topic has been previously discussed, including by the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) in 2000, this research offers a new perspective by analyzing AMJA's fatwas as a minority Muslim fatwa institution in America, which has rarely been studied in Indonesia, reflecting the dynamics and flexibility of Islamic law in responding to global health crises.  This research is a qualitative library-based study with a descriptive-analytical-comparative approach, focusing on analyzing changes in the Assembly of Muslim Jurists of America (AMJA) fatwas regarding two-shift Friday prayers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The approach used is ushul fiqh, particularly the theory of legal change, to trace shifts in legal argumentation within AMJA fatwas. Data sources consist of primary sources (official AMJA fatwas, the book I'lām al-Muwaqi'īn by Ibn Qayyim al-Jauziyyah, and Uṣul al-Fiqh by Muhammad Abu Zahrah) and secondary sources (fiqh books, journals, and supporting literature). Data were collected through document studies, then described, critically analyzed, and compared to identify factors of legal change. This research aims to understand the dynamics of ijtihad by minority Muslim fatwa institutions in America in responding to pandemic emergency situations, particularly regarding dispensations for Friday prayer implementation.  The findings reveal that AMJA's two fatwas on Friday prayers during COVID-19 illustrate Islamic law's adaptability to changing circumstances. The first fatwa (suspending mosque prayers and substituting them with Ẓuhr at home) prioritized ḥifẓ an-nafs (preservation of life) under the principle al-ḍarūrāt tubīḥ al-maḥẓūrāt (necessities permit prohibitions), reflecting early-pandemic urgency. The second fatwa (permitting two-session Friday prayers with health protocols) emerged as conditions stabilized, balancing ḥifẓ an-nafs and ḥifẓ ad-dīn (preservation of faith) under al-masyaqqah tajlib at-taysīr (hardship begets facilitation). This shift aligns with Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah’s theory of legal dynamism, demonstrating classical fiqh’s contemporary relevance. Comparatively, the fatwas show an evolution from risk mitigation to balanced maṣlahah (public interest), affirming Sharī'ah’s responsiveness to emergencies while upholding core principles.
%Z Assof. Prof. H. Wawan Gunawan, Lc., M.Ag