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KEHENDAK BEBAS MANUSIA ( STUDI KOMPARATIF FRIEDRICH WILHELM NIETZSCHE DAN MUHAMMAD IQBAL)
This study discusses the concept of human free will from the perspectives of Friedrich Nietzsche and Muhammad Iqbal. The background of the research is rooted in philosophical debates on the nature of human freedom and its implications for moral responsibility and individual existence. The objectives of this study are to explore and examine the concept of free will according to Nietzsche and Iqbal, and to identify the fundamental similarities and differences between the two thinkers. The research adopts a library-based method using a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach. Data were gathered through an in-depth examination of Nietzsche‟s major works, such as The Will to Power and Beyond Good and Evil, as well as Iqbal‟s key writings, including Asrar-i Khudi and The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. The analysis was conducted through historical, descriptive, analytical, and comparative- synthetic stages to present each thinker‟s views and establish a conceptual comparison. The findings show that both philosophers reject fatalistic determinism and position humans as active subjects capable of creating values and meaning in life. Nietzsche places the “will to power” at the core of freedom, associating it with the idea of the Ubermensch as the creator of new values. In contrast, Iqbal views khudi (the ego) as a manifestation of the divinespirit, making human freedom an active partnership with God in the process of value creation. Fundamental differences arise in their theological orientations Nietzsche's atheism versus Iqbal's theism and in their ethical foundations, namely existential relativism versus collective spiritual ethics. The implications of these findings enrich cross-traditional philosophical dialogue between Western and Islamic thought and provide a relevant ethical framework for addressing the challenges of modern civilization. In conclusion, although Nietzsche and Iqbal offer radically different perspectives, both emphasize the importance of existential responsibility and creative value formation in understanding human freedom.
FAKULTAS USHULUDDIN DAN PEMIKIRAN ISLAM, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
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