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ULAMA DAN IJTIHAD POLITIK KEBANGSAAN: STUDI PEMIKIRAN K. H. HASYIM ASY’ARI DAN SYEKH SAID NURSI
The concept of a nation state that requires new ijtihad in Muslim-majority countries has become the dominant political strategy. Ulama are considered authoritative actors who play an active role in constructing national politics. In different socio-political conditions, the national political thoughts of K. H. Hasyim Asy‟ari and Syekh Said Nursi are present through the Fatwa Resolusi Jihad and Risalah An-Nur as actions to defend Indonesia's independence and confront secularization in Turkey. The fundamental question in this thesis is how the national political thought of K. H. Hasyim Asy‟ari and Syekh Said Nursi and how the hermeneutic analysis of the national political ijtihad of K. H. Hasyim Asy‟ari and Syekh Said Nursi. This research is qualitative in nature, with data sourced from library research. The data was obtained from K. H. Hasyim Asy‟ari's Fatwa Resolusi Jihad and Syekh Said Nursi's Risalah an-Nur as primary data, and other supporting data from various literature relevant to this topic. This research is descriptive-comparative in nature with a hermeneutic approach. The Jihad resolution Fatwa and Risalah an-Nur use Khaled Abou El Fadl's hermeneutic approach, which emphasizes negotiation between three entities, namely the text, the author, and the reader. The conclusions of the research on the national political thought of K. H. Hasyim Asy‟ari and Syekh Said Nursi are as follows. First, the national political thought of K. H. Hasyim Asy‟ari and Syekh Said Nursi has significant differences. Second, there are three key variables in analyzing using hermeneutics. Within the text and authority, it can be seen how these two figures have authority in discussing this topic. At the same time, the differences in their socio-political realities also influence the differences in their methods and legal rulings. In the construction of authoritarianism, legal rulings that are not authoritarian can be reviewed by fulfilling the five prerequisites proposed by negative hermeneutics. Both have differences in fulfilling these five prerequisites. Furthermore, both figures consistently use their respective methods in studying this topic. The Fatwa Resolution on Jihad selectively chooses evidence, while the Risalah an-Nur explores a wider range of evidence. Finally, in balancing various interests, K. H. Hasyim Asy‟ari and Syekh Said Nursi combine two interests: preserving religion and upholding national identity.
FAKULTAS SYARI’AH DAN HUKUM, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
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