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primary topic: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia

Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia
type: AcademicArticle
type: Article
abstract: This study analyses gender discrimination in the visual representation of athletes on the official Instagram accounts of three national sports federations in Indonesia: the Indonesian Football Association (PSSI), the Indonesian Volleyball Association (PBVSI), and the Indonesian Badminton Association (PBSI). Using quantitative content analysis of 1,025 visuals from 624 posts during the period June 2024–June 2025, this study traces patterns of gender-based representation through the categories of visual framing, activity context, and caption tone. Judith Butler’s theoretical framework on gender performativity was used to interpret how visual representations act as symbolic practices that reproduce constructions of masculinity and femininity in the digital sports sphere. The results show that 70.4% of visuals feature male athletes, with a predominance of competitive framing and achievement-based narratives. In contrast, female athletes are more often depicted in static poses, close-ups, and noncompetitive contexts that emphasize personal and emotional aspects. This pattern shows that sports federation social media not only represents the reality of sports, but also reinforces discursive structures that normalize gender differences. Thus, the federation’s Instagram acts as a performative arena where gender identities are constructed and repeated through visual representation practices that appear neutral but are ideological.
date: 2026
is part of: Howard Journal of Communications
status: peerReviewed
status: published
author list: authors
type: EPrint
type: ArticleEPrint
is part of: repository
has document: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
has version: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
has published: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
has document: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Other)
subject: 305.3 Gender

Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
type: Document
has file: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia-2.pdf
has part: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia-2.pdf

Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
type: Document
has file: surat-surat-pernyataan1767665022.pdf
has part: surat-surat-pernyataan1767665022.pdf

Routledge
type: Organization

Howard Journal of Communications
type: Collection
issn: 1064617510964649

- Meistra Budiasa
type: Person
given name: -
family name: Meistra Budiasa

- Rama Kertamukti
type: Person
given name: -
family name: Rama Kertamukti

Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Other)
type: Document
is version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
is volatile version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
is index codes version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
has file: indexcodes.txt
has part: indexcodes.txt

Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Other)
type: Document
is version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
is volatile version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
is index codes version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
has file: indexcodes.txt
has part: indexcodes.txt

Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Other)
type: Document
is version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
is volatile version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
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Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Other)
type: Document
is version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
is volatile version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
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Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Other)
type: Document
is version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
is volatile version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
ismedium thumbnail version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
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has part: medium.jpg

Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Other)
type: Document
is version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
is volatile version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
issmall thumbnail version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
has file: small.jpg
has part: small.jpg

Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Other)
type: Document
is version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
is volatile version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
islightbox thumbnail version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
has file: lightbox.jpg
has part: lightbox.jpg

Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Other)
type: Document
is version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
is volatile version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
ispreview thumbnail version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
has file: preview.jpg
has part: preview.jpg

Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Other)
type: Document
is version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
is volatile version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
ismedium thumbnail version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
has file: medium.jpg
has part: medium.jpg

Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Other)
type: Document
is version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
is volatile version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
issmall thumbnail version of: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia (Text)
has file: small.jpg
has part: small.jpg

HTML Summary of #74905 Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia
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primary topic: Gender Discrimination in the Visual Representation of Athletes on the Official Instagram Accounts of Sports Federations in Indonesia

305.3 Gender
type: Concept