@mastersthesis{digilib75144,
           month = {December},
           title = {DIPLOMASI PEMERINTAH KOLONIAL DALAM MENGATASI PERBUDAKAN JEMAAH HAJI HINDIA BELANDA OLEH FIRMA ALSAGOFF \& CO. (1880-1922 M)},
          school = {UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA},
          author = {NIM.: 22201022014 Mukhamad Rafidah Aziz},
            year = {2024},
            note = {Prof. Dr. Muhammad Wildan, M.A.},
        keywords = {Diplomasi Pemerintah Kolonial, Perbudakan Jemaah Haji, Hindia
Belanda, Firma Alsagoff \& Co},
             url = {https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/75144/},
        abstract = {This research examines the diplomatic efforts of the Dutch colonial government in
dealing with the practice of slavery of pilgrims from the Dutch East Indies carried
out by the Alsagoff \& Co Firm in 1880-1922 AD. The Alsagoff Firm was one of the
private companies providing hajj travel services in the Dutch East Indies. This firm
was involved in the practice of slavery in the form of forced labour that occurred
through a system of high-interest debt bondage against pilgrims. This debt occurred
when the pilgrims ran out of provisions in the Hijaz and the Alsagoff Firm covered
the cost of their return. However, when the pilgrims were unable to repay the debt,
they paid it off by doing forced labour in the plantations owned by the Alsagoff
Firm on Pulau Kukup, Johor. This historical research uses a socio-political
approach that involves analyses of modern slavery theory and diplomacy theory.
The study focuses on the form of slavery and the colonial government's diplomatic
measures to end the practice. Some of the diplomatic efforts made by the Dutch
colonial government included cooperation with the British colonials, Hijaz
authorities, the Ottoman Turkish Sultanate, the Sultanate of Johor and the
Intervention of the Alsagoff Firm. The results of this study show that diplomacy
involving various complex strategies succeeded in significantly reducing the level
of slavery among Hajj pilgrims. The initial stage began with the Dutch Foreign
Minister's instruction to the Consul General in Singapore to investigate the forced
labour practices implemented by the Alsagoff Firm. Subsequently, the British
authorities in the Straits States revoked the labour contract licence of the Alsagoff
Firm and banned emigration to Kukup Island. The colonial government then issued
the Hajj Ordinance in 1922, which marked a turning point in the system of Hajj
travel in the Dutch East Indies that was completely monopolised by the government
and prohibited the participation of private parties that aimed to improve the
conditions of Hajj travel from the Dutch East Indies.}
}