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DIPLOMASI PEMERINTAH KOLONIAL DALAM MENGATASI PERBUDAKAN JEMAAH HAJI HINDIA BELANDA OLEH FIRMA ALSAGOFF & CO. (1880-1922 M)
This research examines the diplomatic efforts of the Dutch colonial government in dealing with the practice of slavery of pilgrims from the Dutch East Indies carried out by the Alsagoff & Co Firm in 1880-1922 AD. The Alsagoff Firm was one of the private companies providing hajj travel services in the Dutch East Indies. This firm was involved in the practice of slavery in the form of forced labour that occurred through a system of high-interest debt bondage against pilgrims. This debt occurred when the pilgrims ran out of provisions in the Hijaz and the Alsagoff Firm covered the cost of their return. However, when the pilgrims were unable to repay the debt, they paid it off by doing forced labour in the plantations owned by the Alsagoff Firm on Pulau Kukup, Johor. This historical research uses a socio-political approach that involves analyses of modern slavery theory and diplomacy theory. The study focuses on the form of slavery and the colonial government's diplomatic measures to end the practice. Some of the diplomatic efforts made by the Dutch colonial government included cooperation with the British colonials, Hijaz authorities, the Ottoman Turkish Sultanate, the Sultanate of Johor and the Intervention of the Alsagoff Firm. The results of this study show that diplomacy involving various complex strategies succeeded in significantly reducing the level of slavery among Hajj pilgrims. The initial stage began with the Dutch Foreign Minister's instruction to the Consul General in Singapore to investigate the forced labour practices implemented by the Alsagoff Firm. Subsequently, the British authorities in the Straits States revoked the labour contract licence of the Alsagoff Firm and banned emigration to Kukup Island. The colonial government then issued the Hajj Ordinance in 1922, which marked a turning point in the system of Hajj travel in the Dutch East Indies that was completely monopolised by the government and prohibited the participation of private parties that aimed to improve the conditions of Hajj travel from the Dutch East Indies.
FAKULTAS ADAB DAN ILMU BUDAYA, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
DIPLOMASI PEMERINTAH KOLONIAL DALAM MENGATASI PERBUDAKAN JEMAAH HAJI HINDIA BELANDA OLEH FIRMA ALSAGOFF & CO. (1880-1922 M) (Text)
DIPLOMASI PEMERINTAH KOLONIAL DALAM MENGATASI PERBUDAKAN JEMAAH HAJI HINDIA BELANDA OLEH FIRMA ALSAGOFF & CO. (1880-1922 M) (Other)
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