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HUKUM QURBAN SEMBELIHAN AHLI KITAB (STUDI KOMPARATIF PEMIKIRAN WAHBAH ZUHAILI DAN QURAISH SHIHAB)
This thesis examines the debated validity of ritual sacrifice (qurban/uḍḥiyah) when the slaughter is carried out by People of the Book (Ahl al-Kitāb) in a plural society. The issue arises because Q. 5:5 permits the food (ṭa‘ām) of Ahl al-Kitāb, while qurban is a devotional rite bound by specific requirements and the intention of drawing nearer to Allah. The study addresses two questions: (1) how Wahbah az-Zuḥailī and M. Quraish Shihab judge Ahl al-Kitāb slaughter and its implications for qurban; and (2) how Qiyās may be applied to the case of Ahl al-Kitāb slaughtering an animal intended for qurban. The research is library-based, descriptive-analytical, and comparative. Primary data are drawn from the works of Wahbah az-Zuḥailī and M. Quraish Shihab, supported by fiqh and uṣūl al-fiqh literature. Qiyās serves as the analytical framework by mapping its pillars (al-aṣl, al-far’, ḥukm al-aṣl, and ‘illah) to reconstruct each author’s method of legal reasoning. The findings show that both scholars refer to Q. 5:5 as the main textual basis and emphasize a strict monotheistic orientation: slaughter must not be devoted to other than Allah and must not involve invoking a name other than Allah. Wahbah az-Zuḥailī tends to present a more explicit juristic formulation and notes juristic disagreement regarding who may slaughter a qurban animal, including views requiring a Muslim slaughterer and views allowing Ahl al-Kitāb to slaughter through delegated agency (wakālah) provided that the conditions of lawful slaughter (tażkiyah) are met. Quraish Shihab highlights the devotional-symbolic dimension of qurban as a mansak, leading to a cautious preference for a Muslim slaughterer to avoid doubtful validity. In Qiyās terms, the permissibility of Ahl al-Kitāb slaughter can serve as the al-aṣl for the qurban case when the effective cause is lawful slaughter grounded in pure monotheism; however, if the ‘illah of qurban is understood primarily as a ta‘abbudī requirement that demands a Muslim performer, the analogy becomes weak and precaution should prevail.
FAKULTAS SYARIAH DAN HUKUM, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
NIM.: 19103060076 Muhammad Malik Ibni Rizal
HUKUM QURBAN SEMBELIHAN AHLI KITAB (STUDI KOMPARATIF PEMIKIRAN WAHBAH ZUHAILI DAN QURAISH SHIHAB) (Text)
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