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PELINDUNGAN HAK KONSTITUSIONAL WARGA NEGARA (STUDI TENTANG HAK HIDUP DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN IBADAH HAJI DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2024 M/ 1445 H)
The organization of the Hajj pilgrimage constitutes a manifestation of the constitutional guarantee of freedom of religion under the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. However, as a large-scale international mass religious ritual with a high level of risk, the implementation of the Hajj is closely connected to the protection of citizens’ fundamental rights, particularly the right to life, the right to safety and health, and the exercise of religious freedom in the external forum. In the 2024 Hajj season (1445 H), the state faced significant challenges in balancing the fulfillment of the right to perform religious worship with its constitutional obligation to protect pilgrims’ safety, especially through policies on stricter health istitha’ah requirements, quota allocation arrangements, and the implementation of the murur scheme. This research examines how the protection of citizens’ constitutional rights is realized through these policies and to what extent they are consistent with human rights principles and the concept of maslahah. This study is a normative legal research employing statutory and case approaches. The analysis focuses on constitutional provisions, statutory regulations governing the organization of the Hajj, and Hajj-related policies implemented in 2024. The theoretical framework applied consists of human rights theory particularly the right to life and the limitation of freedom of religion in the external forum and the theory of maslahah as developed by Wahbah az-Zuhaili as an Islamic legal perspective to assess the substantive objectives of public policy. The findings indicate that the protection of citizens’ constitutional rights in the 2024 Hajj administration is reflected in the policies of stricter health istitha’ah requirements, quota allocation, and the murur scheme, all of which are normatively justifiable within the human rights framework. These policies represent constitutionally permissible limitations on freedom of religion in the external forum, as they are based on legal authority, pursue legitimate aims, and are directed toward protecting more fundamental rights, particularly the right to life and pilgrims’ safety. From the perspective of maslahah according to Wahbah az-Zuhaili, the tightening of health istitha’ah requirements and the implementation of the murur scheme are consistent with the principle of ḥifẓ al-nafs and may be classified as strong forms of maslahah, as they safeguard human life without negating the substance of the Hajj as an expression of ḥifẓ al-dīn. Meanwhile, the Hajj quota allocation policy, including the distribution of additional quotas, falls within the domain of tārjīḥ al-maṣlaḥah between collective safety protection and the fulfillment of the right to worship, rendering its conformity with maslahah conditional upon fair, transparent, proportional, and accountable implementation to prevent structural inequality in access for regular pilgrims.
FAKULTAS SYARIAH DAN HUKUM, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
NIM.: 23203011199 M. Isbat Atiqillah Pranata
PELINDUNGAN HAK KONSTITUSIONAL WARGA NEGARA (STUDI TENTANG HAK HIDUP DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN IBADAH HAJI DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2024 M/ 1445 H) (Text)
PELINDUNGAN HAK KONSTITUSIONAL WARGA NEGARA (STUDI TENTANG HAK HIDUP DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN IBADAH HAJI DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2024 M/ 1445 H) (Other)
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