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PARADIGMA DALAM PEMIKIRAN THOMAS S. KUHN: TELAAH FILOSOFIS DAN ADAPTASINYA DALAM FILSAFAT ISLAM
Modern scientific development, including advances in artificial intelligence, electric transportation, and space exploration, has generated an epistemological crisis in which the overflow of information obscures the boundary between fact and illusion. This condition fosters doubt regarding truth and scientific authority, creating a need for a more adequate analytical framework. Thomas Kuhn offers such a framework through his paradigm theory, which conceives scientific development as a nonlinear process that moves through phases of stability, tension, and conceptual transformation. This study arises from the need to examine Kuhn’s concepts of paradigms and scientific revolutions, and to evaluate their relevance for understanding contemporary scientific dynamics. This research is guided by two central questions: how Kuhn formulates the concept of paradigms and their shifts, and to what extent this framework can be used to interpret scientific development within specific epistemological contexts such as the Islamic tradition. The study aims to articulate the philosophical foundations of Kuhn’s theory and to assess its critical implications for the study of scientific progression. The research employs a qualitative, library-based method, using primary data from Kuhn’s major works, including The Structure of Scientific Revolutions and The Road Since Structure, complemented by secondary sources such as books, journal articles, and related studies. The analysis follows a content-analysis approach that identifies and interprets Kuhn’s key conceptual formulations and compares them with critiques offered by other scholars. The findings of this study indicate two main conclusions. First, the concept of paradigm in Thomas S. Kuhn’s thought constitutes an epistemic framework that shapes how scientific communities understand reality, formulate problems, and evaluate the validity of knowledge, while accounting for the development of science as a non-linear process through the phases of normal science, the accumulation of anomalies, crisis, and scientific revolution. Second, Kuhn’s concept of paradigm can be employed in a reflective and limited manner to examine the dynamics of Islamic philosophy as a plural intellectual tradition characterized by ontological and epistemological differences among its philosophical schools. In this context, paradigm shifts in Islamic philosophy do not necessarily entail a total rupture, nor do they presuppose a uniform conceptual foundation; rather, incommensurability is understood as a historical and methodological phenomenon that shapes the internal dynamics of the tradition without reducing it to epistemic relativism.
FAKULTAS USHULUDDIN DAN PEMIKIRAN ISLAM, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
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297.261 Islam dan Filsafat, Filsafat Islam