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MAJELIS ISLAM A’LA INDONESIA PADA MASA KOLONIAL BELANDA DAN JEPANG (1937-1943)
This research attempts to analyze the role of the Indonesian Islamic Assembly (MIAI) during the Dutch and Japanese colonial rule in 1937-1943. It is assumed that MIAI as a forum for Muslim organizations in Indonesia had a major role in Indonesia's struggle during the colonial period, both in the socio-religious and political fields. The main problems in this research are: How was the role of Majelis Islam A'la Indonesia (MIAI) during the Dutch and Japanese colonialism?, how was MIAI under the Dutch and Japanese governments?, how did MIAI fight against the Dutch and Japanese governments?. This historical research uses the approaches of sociology of religion and political sociology. These two approaches relate to the role of MIAI as a federation of Islamic organizations in uniting Muslims in Indonesia in the face of threats from Dutch and Japanese colonialism. MIAI itself was initially engaged in the socio-religious field, but eventually moved into the political field due to the demands of national circumstances and conditions at that time. The theory used in this research is the theory of structural functionalism proposed by Robert Merton. According to Merton, structural functional analysis focuses on groups, organizations, societies, and cultures. Structural functionalists focus on social functions or observed consequences made for the adaptation or adjustment of a particular system. In this study, MIAI, which initially focused only on religious affairs, then entered the political world as a form of adaptation after the struggle through rebellion was no longer considered effective. During the Japanese government, MIAI was allowed to carry out activities on the condition that these activities benefited the Japanese government. This was actually used by MIAI by carrying out activities that indirectly hindered Japan's goal of mobilizing Muslims in Indonesia. This research procedure uses the historical method which is carried out in four stages, namely: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. This research concludes: 1. The MIAI responded that Dutch policies in matters of marriage and inheritance were not in accordance with Islamic law so the MIAI issued a resolution of rejection. The MIAI also supported the GAPI edict which demanded that Indonesia have a parliament. 2. The Dutch and Japanese governments had different attitudes towards the MIAI, the Dutch government considered the MIAI as a dangerous movement organization and froze the MIAI, while Japan reactivated the MIAI in order to gain support from Muslims and mobilize them to help fight the allies. 3. MIAI carried out resistance during the Dutch government by providing support for Indonesia's demands for a parliament, while during the Japanese government MIAI carried out Baitul Mal activities which indirectly blocked Japanese plans to mobilize ulama and kyai in the countryside.
FAKULTAS ADAB DAN ILMU BUDAYA, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
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