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KONSEP ZAKAT PROFESI MENURUT YUSUF AL-QARADHAWI DAN ABDUL AZIZ BIN BAZ
In the modern era, zakat regulations have evolved beyond the formulations of classical scholars. This is marked by the emergence of the concept of professional zakat (zakat on income), which has sparked debate among scholars, with some accepting and others rejecting it. Among its proponents are Yusuf al-Qaradhawi, who is even considered a primary advocate of this concept, and Abdul Aziz bin Baz. According to Yusuf al-Qaradhawi, professional zakat is a new category of zakat that must be paid without waiting for the haul (one-year holding period), while Abdul Aziz bin Baz views it as falling under the category of zakat on gold and silver, thus requiring its payment mechanism to follow the rules of zakat on gold and silver. Therefore, this study aims to thoroughly examine the concept of professional zakat and its payment mechanisms from the perspectives of Yusuf al-Qaradhawi and Abdul Aziz bin Baz. This research is qualitative, employing a library research method, with data sourced from literary references. Research data were obtained through an in-depth study of the primary works of Yusuf al-Qaradhawi, particularly his book Fiqh al-Zakat, and the works of Abdul Aziz bin Baz, especially Majmu’ Fatawa. The collected data were then analyzed using the ushuliyyah lughawiyah wal ma’nawiyah (linguistic and contextual analysis) approach, utilizing the theories of ‘am and khash (general and specific rulings) and qiyas (legal analogy). Based on the study, this research concludes that while Yusuf al-Qaradhawi and Abdul Aziz bin Baz agree on the obligation of professional zakat, they differ in its conceptualization and implementation. Yusuf al-Qaradhawi defines professional zakat as zakat on income from work, such as salaries or wages, classifying it as a new type of zakat based on the principle of al-māl al-mustafād (newly acquired wealth) and the generality of QS. Al-Baqarah (2:267). He sets the nisab (minimum threshold) at 85 grams of gold, a rate of 2.5%, and mandates its payment without requiring the haul. In contrast, Abdul Aziz bin Baz considers professional zakat part of zakat on gold and silver, citing QS. At-Taubah (9:103) and (9:34), with a nisab of 85 grams of gold and a one-year haul requirement. The similarities between the two scholars lie in their use of general evidence as the basis for the obligation of professional zakat. Additionally, both agree on its payment mechanism, equating it with the rules of zakat on gold and silver. However, their differences are evident in their interpretation of the generality of the textual evidence. A fundamental distinction is the requirement of the haul: Yusuf al-Qaradhawi does not impose the haul as a condition, while Abdul Aziz bin Baz insists on it, fully analogizing professional zakat to zakat on gold and silver.
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