Institutional Repository UIN Sunan Kalijaga YogyakartaANALISIS URBANISASI, FDI, DAN GDP TERHADAP DEGRADASI LINGKUNGAN DI INDONESIA (1984-2024)NIM.: 22108010114Irfan Nouval BengkulahauthorThis study aims to analyse the impact of urbanisation, foreign direct investment (FDI) and gross domestic product (GDP) on environmental degradation in Indonesia between 1984 and 2024. The issue of environmental degradation is becoming increasingly important as economic activity and population growth increase, resulting in higher CO₂ emissions. Previous research has shown that economic growth, urbanisation, and foreign investment are closely related to changes in environmental quality, although the direction and magnitude of the influence can differ from one country to another. Data dari Indonesia sendiri menunjukkan tren peningkatan emisi karbon dalam jangka panjang, yang mengindikasikan bahwa proses pembangunan belum sepenuhnya sejalan dengan prinsip keberlanjutan lingkungan. This study uses a quantitative approach with the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method to identify the short-term and long-term relationships between the variables. The results of the study show that, in the short term, FDI has a significant impact on environmental degradation in varying directions over several periods, whereas GDP only has a significant impact at certain lags and urbanisation does not have a significant impact. In the long term, urbanisation and GDP have a significant impact on environmental degradation, while FDI does not. These findings reinforce previous research that suggests economic and demographic activities can increase environmental pressure, particularly in the long term. Therefore, policies that promote environmental sustainability are needed to ensure that economic growth goes hand in hand with environmental protection.330.9598 Ekonomi Indonesia2026-03-04UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA;FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS ISLAMThesis

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