@phdthesis{digilib76856,
           month = {May},
           title = {SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT BEADS NANOSELULOSA BERBASIS LIMBAH TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN METHYLENE BLUE},
          school = {UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA},
          author = {NIM.: 22106030021 Wiwin Arfanudin},
            year = {2026},
            note = {Dr. Imelda Fajriati, M.Si. dan Dr. Holilah., S.Si., M.Si.},
        keywords = {Nanoselulosa, Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS), Beads Komposit,
Adsorpsi, Metilen Biru},
             url = {https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/76856/},
        abstract = {The deterioration of water quality due to industrial wastewater, particularly
from dyes such as methylene blue, has driven the need to develop effective and
environmentally friendly adsorbent materials. This study aims to isolate nanocellulose
from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) waste, synthesize composite beads
based on nanocellulose, mesoporous silica, and sodium alginate, and investigate the
adsorption mechanism of methylene blue. Nanocellulose was obtained through a
series of processes including delignification, bleaching, TEMPO-mediated oxidation,
and ultrasonication, and subsequently synthesized into beads using an ionic
gelation method with CaCl{$_2$}. Characterization was carried out using FTIR, XRD,
SEM, TEM, and TGA, while adsorption experiments included variations in contact
time, adsorbent dosage, solution pH, and Isoterm analysis. The results showed that
nanocellulose was successfully isolated with an average diameter of 3,83 nm and
possessed active functional groups that support the adsorption process, while the
resulting composite beads exhibited a stable structure and porous morphology. The
contact time study indicated that adsorption occurred rapidly at the initial stage and
reached equilibrium at 180 minutes. Increasing the adsorbent dosage enhanced adsorption
efficiency due to the greater availability of active sites on the adsorbent
surface. Adsorption performance was influenced by operating conditions, with optimum
results at pH 7, and followed the Freundlich Isoterm model, indicating a
heterogeneous surface characteristic.Overall, nanocellulose-based composite beads
derived from OPEFB demonstrate significant potential as an effective and sustainable
adsorbent for dye wastewater treatment.}
}