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TINJAUAN HUKUM IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP KEHATIHATIAN PADA PEMBIAYAAN MIKRO TANPA AGUNAN (ADAPTASI KOPERASI GEMI YOGYAKARTA TERHADAP PERMENKOP UKM NO. 8 TAHUN 2023)
The issuance of the Regulation of the Minister of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises (Permenkop UKM) Number 8 of 2023 introduces a new paradigm mandating formal compliance and prudential standards, including physical collateral. This rigid regulation creates a legal gap for the Sharia Cooperative of the Women's Economic Movement (GEMI) Yogyakarta, which serves underprivileged women relying purely on social capital without material collateral. This study aims to analyze the legal standing of microfinance practices without physical collateral under Permenkop UKM No. 8 of 2023, and to analyze the legal standing of the joint liability system as a substitute instrument for material collateral in resolving defaults. This research is a juridical-empirical legal study employing sociological, statutory, and conceptual approaches. Primary data were obtained through indepth interviews and field observations, while secondary data originated from state regulations and internal cooperative documents. Data analysis was conducted using a qualitative-deductive method. This research is analyzed using three main theoretical frameworks: Legal Certainty Theory by Gustav Radbruch, Legal Effectiveness Theory by Lawrence M. Friedman, and Sharia Financing Theory focusing on wealth protection (Hifz al-Mal). The results indicate: First, microfinance practices without collateral at the GEMI Cooperative hold a legitimate administrative legal standing as a form of institutional adaptation. Although the substance of the regulation mandates physical guarantees, GEMI fulfills the essence of the prudential principle through procedural certainty (Compulsory Gathering Training, document order, and social supervision via Rembug Minggon). The "sanctions anomaly" or absence of sanctions from authorities indicates empirical recognition of this instrument. Second, the joint liability system possesses a strong civil legal standing based on Article 1295 of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata), shifting the "collateral confiscation" paradigm to a "joint repayment obligation" by all group members. The synergy between civil legal certainty and the sharia principle of Hifz al-Mal has empirically proven capable of suppressing the Non-Performing Financing (NPF) ratio at 3.45%, thereby providing legal protection equivalent to conventional material collateral execution.
FAKULTAS SYARIAH DAN HUKUM, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
NIM.: 22103040193 Dahyal Afkar Najmuzzaman
TINJAUAN HUKUM IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP KEHATIHATIAN PADA PEMBIAYAAN MIKRO TANPA AGUNAN (ADAPTASI KOPERASI GEMI YOGYAKARTA TERHADAP PERMENKOP UKM NO. 8 TAHUN 2023) (Text)
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