@phdthesis{digilib76956,
           month = {May},
           title = {STUDI KOMPARATIF SAD AZ -ZARI?AH DAN FAT{\d H} AZ -ZARI?AH DALAM PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI CRISPR UNTUK MODIFIKASI GENETIK PADA MANUSIA},
          school = {UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA},
          author = {NIM.: 22103060023 Muhammad Arfan Nugraha Kurniawan},
            year = {2026},
            note = {Nurdhin Baroroh, S.H.I, M.S.I.},
        keywords = {CRISPR, Modifikasi Genetik, Sadd al-Zariah, Fat{\d h} al-Zariah},
             url = {https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/76956/},
        abstract = {This study examines the use of CRISPR technology in human genetic
modification from the perspective of Islamic law through a comparative study of the
concepts of Sad A{\.z} -{\.Z}ar{\=i}?Ahand Fat{\d h} A{\.z} -{\.Z}ar{\=i}?Ah. Advances in modern
biotechnology have introduced CRISPR as a precise and efficient gene-editing tool,
offering significant opportunities for treating genetic diseases that were previously
difficult to address. Various studies have demonstrated CRISPR's success in
therapies for genetic disorders such as sickle cell anemia, beta-thalassemia, and
the correction of specific gene mutations. However, this technology also raises
ethical and Sharia-related concerns, particularly regarding the potential
unauthorized alteration of human creation, the risk of genetic damage from editing
errors, and the possibility of misuse, such as genetic experimentation on human
embryos. Therefore, this study aims to describe the use of CRISPR in human genetic
modification and analyze it comparatively through the Sad A{\.z} -{\.Z}ar{\=i}?Ahapproach,
which emphasizes blocking paths to harm, and the Fat{\d h} A{\.z} -{\.Z}ar{\=i}?Ahapproach,
which highlights enabling paths to benefit.
This qualitative study employs a normative approach focused on library
research. Data were collected through a review of scientific literature discussing
CRISPR and human genetic modification, as well as classical usul fiqh texts serving
as the theoretical basis for the concepts of Sad A{\.z} -{\.Z}ar{\=i}?Ahand Fat{\d h} A{\.z} -{\.Z}ar{\=i}?Ah,
such as kitab maq{\=a}{\d s}id al-syar{\=i}?ah al-Isl{\=a}miyyah by Ibn and contemporary thematic
works on A{\.z} -{\.Z}ar{\=i}?Ah theory. The study is descriptive, analytical, and comparative.
Data analysis involved data reduction, narrative presentation, and systematic
conclusion drawing to compare the reasoning of both concepts in evaluating the
use of CRISPR on humans.
The findings indicate that CRISPR use can be analyzed through three main
principles: al-was{\=i}lah (means), al-if{\d d}{\=a}? (effect), and Al-mutawassil Ilaih(outcome).
From the Sad A{\.z} -{\.Z}ar{\=i}?Ah perspective, CRISPR as a means (al-was{\=i}lah) carries
potential risks, its effects (al-if{\d d}{\=a}?) may open paths to harm, and the ultimate
outcome (al-mutawassil ilaih) could be genetic or ethical damage, thus requiring
strict oversight. Conversely, from the Fat{\d h} A{\.z} -{\.Z}ar{\=i}?Ahperspective, CRISPR as a
means (al-was{\=i}lah) is applied for genetic therapy, its effects (al-if{\d d}{\=a}?) bring about
benefit, and the outcome (al-mutawassil ilaih) enhances human health. These
concepts complement each other, providing a balanced legal and ethical framework
that allows the beneficial use of biomedical technology while minimizing potential
risks.}
}