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bibo:abstract "This study examines the use of CRISPR technology in human genetic\r\nmodification from the perspective of Islamic law through a comparative study of the\r\nconcepts of Sad Aż -Żarī‘Ahand Fatḥ Aż -Żarī‘Ah. Advances in modern\r\nbiotechnology have introduced CRISPR as a precise and efficient gene-editing tool,\r\noffering significant opportunities for treating genetic diseases that were previously\r\ndifficult to address. Various studies have demonstrated CRISPR's success in\r\ntherapies for genetic disorders such as sickle cell anemia, beta-thalassemia, and\r\nthe correction of specific gene mutations. However, this technology also raises\r\nethical and Sharia-related concerns, particularly regarding the potential\r\nunauthorized alteration of human creation, the risk of genetic damage from editing\r\nerrors, and the possibility of misuse, such as genetic experimentation on human\r\nembryos. Therefore, this study aims to describe the use of CRISPR in human genetic\r\nmodification and analyze it comparatively through the Sad Aż -Żarī‘Ahapproach,\r\nwhich emphasizes blocking paths to harm, and the Fatḥ Aż -Żarī‘Ahapproach,\r\nwhich highlights enabling paths to benefit.\r\nThis qualitative study employs a normative approach focused on library\r\nresearch. Data were collected through a review of scientific literature discussing\r\nCRISPR and human genetic modification, as well as classical usul fiqh texts serving\r\nas the theoretical basis for the concepts of Sad Aż -Żarī‘Ahand Fatḥ Aż -Żarī‘Ah,\r\nsuch as kitab maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah al-Islāmiyyah by Ibn and contemporary thematic\r\nworks on Aż -Żarī‘Ah theory. The study is descriptive, analytical, and comparative.\r\nData analysis involved data reduction, narrative presentation, and systematic\r\nconclusion drawing to compare the reasoning of both concepts in evaluating the\r\nuse of CRISPR on humans.\r\nThe findings indicate that CRISPR use can be analyzed through three main\r\nprinciples: al-wasīlah (means), al-ifḍā’ (effect), and Al-mutawassil Ilaih(outcome).\r\nFrom the Sad Aż -Żarī‘Ah perspective, CRISPR as a means (al-wasīlah) carries\r\npotential risks, its effects (al-ifḍā’) may open paths to harm, and the ultimate\r\noutcome (al-mutawassil ilaih) could be genetic or ethical damage, thus requiring\r\nstrict oversight. Conversely, from the Fatḥ Aż -Żarī‘Ahperspective, CRISPR as a\r\nmeans (al-wasīlah) is applied for genetic therapy, its effects (al-ifḍā’) bring about\r\nbenefit, and the outcome (al-mutawassil ilaih) enhances human health. These\r\nconcepts complement each other, providing a balanced legal and ethical framework\r\nthat allows the beneficial use of biomedical technology while minimizing potential\r\nrisks."^^xsd:string;
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