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STUDI KOMPARATIF SAD AZ -ZARI‘AH DAN FATḤ AZ -ZARI‘AH DALAM PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI CRISPR UNTUK MODIFIKASI GENETIK PADA MANUSIA
This study examines the use of CRISPR technology in human genetic modification from the perspective of Islamic law through a comparative study of the concepts of Sad Aż -Żarī‘Ahand Fatḥ Aż -Żarī‘Ah. Advances in modern biotechnology have introduced CRISPR as a precise and efficient gene-editing tool, offering significant opportunities for treating genetic diseases that were previously difficult to address. Various studies have demonstrated CRISPR's success in therapies for genetic disorders such as sickle cell anemia, beta-thalassemia, and the correction of specific gene mutations. However, this technology also raises ethical and Sharia-related concerns, particularly regarding the potential unauthorized alteration of human creation, the risk of genetic damage from editing errors, and the possibility of misuse, such as genetic experimentation on human embryos. Therefore, this study aims to describe the use of CRISPR in human genetic modification and analyze it comparatively through the Sad Aż -Żarī‘Ahapproach, which emphasizes blocking paths to harm, and the Fatḥ Aż -Żarī‘Ahapproach, which highlights enabling paths to benefit. This qualitative study employs a normative approach focused on library research. Data were collected through a review of scientific literature discussing CRISPR and human genetic modification, as well as classical usul fiqh texts serving as the theoretical basis for the concepts of Sad Aż -Żarī‘Ahand Fatḥ Aż -Żarī‘Ah, such as kitab maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah al-Islāmiyyah by Ibn and contemporary thematic works on Aż -Żarī‘Ah theory. The study is descriptive, analytical, and comparative. Data analysis involved data reduction, narrative presentation, and systematic conclusion drawing to compare the reasoning of both concepts in evaluating the use of CRISPR on humans. The findings indicate that CRISPR use can be analyzed through three main principles: al-wasīlah (means), al-ifḍā’ (effect), and Al-mutawassil Ilaih(outcome). From the Sad Aż -Żarī‘Ah perspective, CRISPR as a means (al-wasīlah) carries potential risks, its effects (al-ifḍā’) may open paths to harm, and the ultimate outcome (al-mutawassil ilaih) could be genetic or ethical damage, thus requiring strict oversight. Conversely, from the Fatḥ Aż -Żarī‘Ahperspective, CRISPR as a means (al-wasīlah) is applied for genetic therapy, its effects (al-ifḍā’) bring about benefit, and the outcome (al-mutawassil ilaih) enhances human health. These concepts complement each other, providing a balanced legal and ethical framework that allows the beneficial use of biomedical technology while minimizing potential risks.
FAKULTAS SYARIAH DAN HUKUM, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
NIM.: 22103060023 Muhammad Arfan Nugraha Kurniawan
STUDI KOMPARATIF SAD AZ -ZARI‘AH DAN FATḤ AZ -ZARI‘AH DALAM PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI CRISPR UNTUK MODIFIKASI GENETIK PADA MANUSIA (Text)
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