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MENGHITUNG AL-QUR’AN (STUDI FENOMENA ANGKA 7 DAN 19 DALAM LITERATUR I‘JAZ ‘ADADI )
The study of i‘jāz ‘adadī (numerical inimitability) is a branch of Qur’anic studies that seeks to uncover the miraculous nature of the Qur’an through the numerical regularities found in the arrangement of its letters, words, verses, and chapters. Throughout its development, this field has generated various numerical theories and approaches, including the number 7 theory proposed by Abd ad-Da’im al-Kahil and the number 19 theory developed by Rashad Khalifa. These theories have received diverse responses from Qur’anic scholars. Some view them as a manifestation of the Qur’an’s inimitability, demonstrating a mathematical order within the revealed text, while others criticize them for containing elements of subjectivity and tending toward confirmation bias (cocokologi). These differing perspectives necessitate a study of both figures' thoughts to understand the methods, characteristics, and arguments they employ in explaining the numerical inimitability of the Qur’an. This study aims to describe the concept of the numerical miracle of the number 7 according to Abd ad-Da’im al-Kahil, explain the concept of the numerical miracle of the number 19 according to Rashad Khalifa, analyze the similarities and differences in the thought of both figures, and identify the strengths and weaknesses of each perspective. This research is a library research using a qualitative approach and a descriptive-analytical method. The primary data sources for this study are the books Asrār ar-Raqm Sab‘ah fī al-Qur’ān al-Karīm by Abd ad-Da’im al-Kahil and Qur’an: Visual Presentation of the Miracle by Rashad Khalifa. Secondary data sources are gathered from various books, journals, scientific articles, and other literatures relevant to the research theme. The results show that Abd ad-Da’im al-Kahil centers his study on the phenomenon of the number 7 appearing in various aspects of the Qur’an through simple mathematical methods, series methods, and parallel methods. Meanwhile, Rashad Khalifa builds a numerical system centered on the number 19 based on QS. al- Muddaththir [74]: 30 by counting letters, words, verses, and chapters in the Qur’an. Their similarity lies in the belief that the Qur’an possesses a numerical regularity that demonstrates an aspect of its inimitability. However, their differences are apparent in the focus of study, calculation methods, research objects, and the conclusions reached. This study also finds that al-Kahil’s thought has an advantage in its use of relatively simple methods while adhering to the Uthmanic Mushaf, whereas Rashad Khalifa excels in systematic data presentation and a structured formulation of the number 19 theory. Nonetheless, both figures face limitations as not all numerical patterns they present can be comprehensively applied to all verses and chapters of the Qur’an.
FAKULTAS USHULUDDIN DAN PEMIKIRAN ISLAM, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
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