@phdthesis{digilib77051,
           month = {June},
           title = {MAKNA LAFADZ ISYTARA DALAM AL-QUR?AN:  ANALISIS SEMANTIK TOSHIHIKO IZUTSU},
          school = {UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA},
          author = {NIM.: 22105030137 Fina Mafaza},
            year = {2026},
            note = {Nur Edi Prabha Susila Yahya, SThI, M.Ag.},
        keywords = {Al-Qur?an, Isytara, Semantik Toshihiko Izutsu, Makna Dasar, Makna Relasionaal, Weltanschauung},
             url = {https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/77051/},
        abstract = {The Qur'an frequently employs terms derived from commercial activities to convey religious messages, one of which is the term isytar{\=a}. This term is not only used in the context of economic transactions but also functions as a metaphor to describe the exchange of moral and spiritual values, such as exchanging guidance for misguidance or sacrificing oneself to attain Allah?s pleasure. Therefore, this study aims to uncover the meaning of the term isytar{\=a} in the Qur?an and trace the development of its meaning through Toshihiko Izutsu?s semantic approach.
This study is a qualitative, literature-based research (library research). The research data consists of Qur?anic verses containing the term isytar{\=a} and its derivatives, which were analyzed using Izutsu?s semantic method through syntagmatic, paradigmatic, synchronic, and diachronic analyses. These analyses were conducted to identify the basic meaning, relational meanings, and semantic transformations of the term isytar{\=a} across various periods of its usage.
The results of the study indicate that the basic meaning of the term isytar{\=a} is exchange or transaction. Syntactically, this term encompasses three main concepts: the exchange of value, legal deliberation, and moral and spiritual transactions. Paradigmatically, isytar{\=a} is synonymous with al-bai? and at-tij{\=a}rah, and antonymous with ar-rib{\=a} and al-mu{\d t}affif{\=i}n. Historically, the meaning of isytar{\=a} underwent a transformation from a term for commercial transactions in the pre-Qur?anic era into a spiritual metaphor during the Qur?anic era, and subsequently evolved into a theological concept describing human life choices along with their moral and spiritual consequences in the post-Qur?anic era. This finding indicates that the Qur?an expands the meaning of isytar{\=a} from a mere economic activity into a concept representing humanity?s relationship with values, life choices, and accountability before Allah the Almighty.}
}