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MASCULINITY AND PATRIARCHY NARRATIVES IN COLONIAL TIMES: A Comparative Study in The New World (2005) and Bumi Manusia (2019)
This research discusses the construction of masculinity of the main male characters in two colonial-set films, Bumi Manusia (2019) and The New World (2005), focusing on the influence of the colonial patriarchal culture and superior character masculinity on the main male characters. This research aims to reveal that the masculinity of the two main characters is influenced by the superior character who is the colonizer of the two main characters. The theory of masculinity by Raewyn W. Connell is used to analyze the characters' masculinity while the theory of colonialism by Ania Loomba is used to focus this research on the colonised point of view which is the background of the two films The research method used is descriptive qualitative method and comparative literature to compare the two main characters in the two films. The results show that Minke in Bumi Manusia initially experiences a form of marginal masculinity due to colonial domination and discrimination that places him as an oppressed subject. However, through resistance to the colonial system triggered by his heterosexual-oriented sexual identity, Minke's masculinity develops into a hegemonic masculinity. In contrast, Smith in The New World displays a complicit masculinity, a masculinity that benefits from the colonial patriarchal system without actively exercising dominance or resistance. His character tends to be passive and prefers to maintain the benefits of the colonial structure that keeps his masculinity in complicit masculinity. The contribution of this research is to enrich the understanding of how the patriarchal colonial system shapes various masculinities, and that colonised characters are not always victims of patriarchal culture.
FAKULTAS ADAB DAN ILMU BUDAYA, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
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