EFEKTIVITAS PROJECT BASED LEARNING DALAM KERANGKA UNIVERSAL DESIGN FOR LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN KOMUNIKASI PESERTA DIDIK DI KELAS INKLUSINIM.: 22104050021Adhelia Dwi VivialinaauthorCritical thinking and communication skills are essential 21st-century competencies that need to be developed in physics learning, particularly in inclusive classrooms. The development of these skills requires a learning model that can accommodate the diverse needs of students. One such approach is the implementation of Project Based Learning (PjBL) based on Universal Design for Learning (UDL), which provides opportunities for students to learn actively, collaboratively, and flexibly according to their individual characteristics. This study aims to 1) determine the effectiveness of the PjBL model based on UDL in improving students’ critical thinking skills; and 2) determine the effectiveness of the PjBL model based on UDL in improving students’ communication skills on the topic of global warming in an inclusive classroom. This research employed a pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 32 students from class X E at an inclusive public madrasah in Yogyakarta, including one student with special needs (physical disability). The data collection instruments included a critical thinking test, a communication self-assessment sheet, and a communication observation sheet. The improvement of students’ skills was analyzed based on the differences between pretest and posttest scores. The results showed that the PjBL model based on UDL was effective in improving students’ critical thinking and communication skills. This is indicated by a critical thinking N-Gain score of 0.8314 (high category) and an effect size of 0.883 (large category). For communication skills, the N-Gain scores were 0.7786 for self-assessment and 0.8398 for observation, both in the high category, while the effect sizes were 0.873 and 0.879 respectively, both in the large category. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the PjBL model based on UDL is effective in improving students’ critical thinking and communication skills on the topic of global warming in inclusive classrooms.Keywords: Project Based Learning (PjBL), Universal Design for Learning (UDL), critical thinking skills, communication skills, inclusive classroom.371.36 Metode Pengajaran, Metode Pembelajaran2026-06-09UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA;FAKULTAS ILMU TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUANThesis