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bibo:abstract "Critical thinking and communication skills are essential 21st-century\r\ncompetencies that need to be developed in physics learning, particularly in inclusive\r\nclassrooms. The development of these skills requires a learning model that can\r\naccommodate the diverse needs of students. One such approach is the\r\nimplementation of Project Based Learning (PjBL) based on Universal Design for\r\nLearning (UDL), which provides opportunities for students to learn actively,\r\ncollaboratively, and flexibly according to their individual characteristics.\r\nThis study aims to 1) determine the effectiveness of the PjBL model based\r\non UDL in improving students’ critical thinking skills; and 2) determine the\r\neffectiveness of the PjBL model based on UDL in improving students’\r\ncommunication skills on the topic of global warming in an inclusive classroom.\r\nThis research employed a pre-experimental method with a one-group\r\npretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 32 students from class X E at an\r\ninclusive public madrasah in Yogyakarta, including one student with special needs\r\n(physical disability). The data collection instruments included a critical thinking\r\ntest, a communication self-assessment sheet, and a communication observation\r\nsheet. The improvement of students’ skills was analyzed based on the differences\r\nbetween pretest and posttest scores.\r\nThe results showed that the PjBL model based on UDL was effective in\r\nimproving students’ critical thinking and communication skills. This is indicated\r\nby a critical thinking N-Gain score of 0.8314 (high category) and an effect size of\r\n0.883 (large category). For communication skills, the N-Gain scores were 0.7786\r\nfor self-assessment and 0.8398 for observation, both in the high category, while the\r\neffect sizes were 0.873 and 0.879 respectively, both in the large category. Based on\r\nthese findings, it can be concluded that the PjBL model based on UDL is effective\r\nin improving students’ critical thinking and communication skills on the topic of\r\nglobal warming in inclusive classrooms.Keywords: Project Based Learning (PjBL),\r\nUniversal Design for Learning (UDL), critical thinking skills, communication\r\nskills, inclusive classroom."^^xsd:string;
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