@phdthesis{digilib77224,
           month = {April},
           title = {KONSEP DAN MAKNA KATA HARAJ DALAM AL-QUR?AN (ANALISIS SEMANTIK TOSHIHIKO IZUTSU)},
          school = {UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA},
          author = {NIM.: 22105030138 Siti Maryam Fauziah},
            year = {2026},
            note = {Dr. Mahbub Ghozali},
        keywords = {semantik Al-Qur?an; Toshihiko Izutsu; makna {\d H}araj},
             url = {https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/77224/},
        abstract = {This study aims to examine the concept and formation of the various meanings of {\d h}araj in the Qur?an through Toshihiko Izutsu?s semantic analysis of the Qur?an. The word {\d h}araj in the Qur?an has diverse meanings within the classical exegetical tradition; some interpret it as syakk, {\d d}ayyiq, and al-ism. These various meanings are found in various verses with different contexts. Consequently, the researcher raises two academic problems underpinning this study. First, what are the basic and relational meanings of the word {\d h}araj? Second, what is the Qur?an?s weltanschauung regarding the word {\d h}araj? This research was conducted through synchronic analysis in the form of paradigmatic and syntactic identification of the word {\d h}araj, as well as diachronic analysis of the word {\d h}araj, involving the division of time into pre-Qur?anic, Qur?anic and post-Qur?anic periods. The results of this study indicate that the word {\d h}araj in the pre-Qur?anic period was used to refer to objects such as a litter or a mount used by women when travelling, or a stretcher for the sick. Furthermore, the word {\d h}araj was also used to describe the cramped, difficult, and exhausting conditions associated with such objects. Within the Qur?an, the word {\d h}araj is consistently mentioned alongside {\d h}arfu an-nafiy (meaning ?to negate?). The word {\d h}araj is also found in both the Makkan and Medinan periods, thus indicating different contexts at the time of the revelation of the verses. The word {\d h}araj has a meaning that has persisted from the pre-Qur?anic, Qur?anic and post-Qur?anic periods, namely the word a{\d d}-{\d d}ayyiq (narrow). This word forms the basic meaning found in classical Arabic literary tradition right through to its meaning in classical exegetical tradition. In the Qur?an, the word {\d h}araj is frequently mentioned alongside the word {\d s}adr, so its meaning may relate to a state of constriction within a person?s heart or soul, or, in a theological context, to leniency in the performance of religious duties. This meaning is found in the semantic relationships between the word {\d h}araj and other words that form its semantic field.}
}