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bibo:abstract "The rapid growth of the beauty service industry has not always been accompanied by\r\ncompliance with applicable health standards and legal regulations. In practice, illegal\r\naesthetic medical procedures are still found in beauty salons. According to data from the\r\nInvestment and One-Stop Integrated Service Office (DPMPTSP) of Sleman Regency,\r\nhundreds of beauty salons are currently operating. However, field observations revealed\r\nthat some salons provide not only non-medical beauty services but also aesthetic medical\r\nprocedures that, under applicable laws and regulations, should only be performed by\r\nauthorized medical professionals possessing the required competence, legal\r\nauthorization, and professional licenses. These procedures are carried out by salon\r\nowners, beauticians, as well as healthcare personnel acting beyond the scope of their\r\nlegal authority, thereby giving rise to legal issues concerning the legitimacy of such\r\npractices. Therefore, this study aims to identify the forms of illegal aesthetic medical\r\npractices conducted in beauty salons and to analyze the potential criminal liability that\r\nmay arise under the prevailing laws and regulations.\r\nThis study employed an empirical legal research method using a socio-legal\r\napproach with a descriptive-analytical design. Data were collected through library\r\nresearch, field observations, and interviews with the Investment and One-Stop Integrated\r\nService Office (DPMPTSP), the Health Office, the Municipal Police (Satpol PP), the\r\nPolice, and beauty salon operators. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively to\r\nexamine the forms of illegal aesthetic medical practices occurring in the field and to\r\nidentify the potential criminal liability that may be imposed on the perpetrators under the\r\napplicable legal framework.\r\nThe findings indicate that illegal aesthetic medical practices involve violations of\r\nlegal provisions, are carried out by non-medical personnel or healthcare professionals\r\nacting beyond the scope of their authority, and are performed in beauty salons that do\r\nnot qualify as licensed healthcare facilities. The procedures commonly identified include\r\nfiller injections, botulinum toxin (Botox) injections, mesotherapy, and microneedling, all\r\nof which are minimally invasive procedures involving medical risks. The perpetrators\r\nmay therefore be held criminally liable, as their conduct potentially fulfills the elements\r\nof criminal offenses stipulated under Articles 439 and 441 paragraph (2) of Law Number\r\n17 of 2023 on Health, as well as Article 275 of the Indonesian Criminal Code.\r\nNevertheless, law enforcement continues to face several challenges, including the\r\nclandestine nature of these practices, low public awareness, difficulties in obtaining\r\nevidence, and limitations in supervision and inter-agency coordination."^^xsd:string;
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