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KEABSAHAN PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI TEMBAKAU DENGAN SISTEM SROMO DITINJAU DARI DOKTRIN MISBRUIK VAN OMSTANDIGHEDEN
Tobacco trading practices in Bulu District, Temanggung Regency, generally still widely utilize the sromo system. This system involves a down payment given by middlemen to tobacco farmers since the planting season to satisfy urgent economic distress, such as plantation operational costs and household needs. Juridically, although it formally appears to comply with the principles of consensualism and freedom of contract, this transaction leaves an issue of unequal bargaining power. The price uncertainty, which is only determined unilaterally by the middlemen when the harvest arrives, is alleged to give rise to indications of a defect of consent in forming contractual agreements. Therefore, this study aims to examine the validity of the sromo system agreement under Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata) and to identify the presence of elements of the abuse of circumstances (misbruik van omstandigheden). This study applies an empirical juridical legal research type that analyzes law as actual behavior in society (law in action). The approaches utilized comprise an empirical juridical approach in the field as well as a conceptual approach related to civil law doctrines. Primary data were gathered directly from the main sources through in-depth interviews with tobacco farmers and middlemen in Bulu District. Meanwhile, secondary data were compiled through literature studies of primary legal materials in the form of the Civil Code, along with secondary legal materials from books and scientific journals. The data analysis technique applied is a descriptive-analytical qualitative analysis to process field data systematically. The theoretical framework proposed in this thesis relies on the contract theory and the abuse of circumstances doctrine (misbruik van omstandigheden). The results of this study show that: first, the tobacco sale and purchase agreement under the sromo system in Bulu District, Temanggung Regency formally fulfills all four legal validity requirements for agreements under Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata), yet it contains substantive weaknesses, as the agreement arises from economic duress, and the price and grading of the tobacco are determined unilaterally by the middlemen (tengkulak) without objective standards. Second, the consent formed in the practice of sromo is indicated to contain a defect of will in the form of abuse of circumstances (misbruik van omstandigheden), as the middlemen are found to exploit the farmers' economic distress and psychological pressure (a sense of indebtedness/hutang budi), meaning the agreement is potentially voidable (vernietigbaar), although in practice such annulment is difficult for farmers to pursue.
FAKULTAS SYARI’AH DAN HUKUM, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
KEABSAHAN PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI TEMBAKAU DENGAN SISTEM SROMO DITINJAU DARI DOKTRIN MISBRUIK VAN OMSTANDIGHEDEN (Text)
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