http://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/77957 2026-09-03T04:33:15Z info:eu-repo/semantics/descriptiveMetadata https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/77957/ PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM JEMAAH UMRAH MANDIRI TANPA PENYELENGGARA RESMI ANTARA UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 8 TAHUN 2019 DAN UNDANGUNDANG NOMOR 14 TAHUN 2025 Muhamad Zainal Arifin, NIM.: 22103080019 340.1 Perlindungan Hukum The practice of independent Umrah without an officially licensed organizer in Indonesia has increased in recent years due to easier access to information, cost efficiency, and greater travel flexibility. However, Law Number 8 of 2019 concerning the Organization of Hajj and Umrah does not accommodate this practice and therefore does not provide legal protection for independent Umrah pilgrims. Subsequently, Law Number 14 of 2025 was enacted to recognize the existence of independent Umrah. Based on this development, this study examines two issues: (1) how legal protection for independent Umrah pilgrims is regulated under Law Number 8 of 2019 and Law Number 14 of 2025, and (2) the juridical implications of comparing these regulations for the fulfillment of the constitutional rights of citizens. This research is normative legal research with a descriptive-analytical approach. It employs statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The primary legal materials consist of the two laws and their implementing regulations, while the secondary legal materials include books, scholarly journals, and previous research. The data are analyzed qualitatively using Philipus M. Hadjon's theory of legal protection, Jimly Asshiddiqie's theory of the rule of law, and Satjipto Rahardjo's theory of progressive law. The results of this study indicate that Law Number 8 of 2019 does not recognize the practice of independent Umrah and therefore provides neither preventive nor repressive legal protection for pilgrims choosing this arrangement. In contrast, Law Number 14 of 2025 recognizes independent Umrah as one of the lawful arrangements for performing Umrah, establishes administrative requirements, and grants certain rights to independent pilgrims. Nevertheless, the legal protection provided remains limited to the protection afforded to Indonesian citizens abroad and does not include service guarantees comparable to those provided for pilgrims using licensed Umrah Travel Organizers (Penyelenggara Perjalanan Ibadah Umrah—PPIU). Accordingly, the regulatory reform has enhanced legal certainty regarding the legal status of independent Umrah pilgrims. However, it still leaves disparities in the scope of legal protection and creates potential regulatory gaps concerning the liability of service providers and cross-border dispute settlement mechanisms. 2026-07-09 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text id https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/77957/1/22103080019_BAB-I_IV-atau-V_DAFTAR-PUSTAKA.pdf text id https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/77957/2/22103080019_BAB-II_sampai_SEBELUM-BAB-TERAKHIR.pdf Muhamad Zainal Arifin, NIM.: 22103080019 (2026) PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM JEMAAH UMRAH MANDIRI TANPA PENYELENGGARA RESMI ANTARA UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 8 TAHUN 2019 DAN UNDANGUNDANG NOMOR 14 TAHUN 2025. Skripsi thesis, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA. info:eu-repo/semantics/objectFile info:eu-repo/semantics/objectFile info:eu-repo/semantics/humanStartPage