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bibo:abstract "Low learning concentration and critical thinking\r\nability among young children, exacerbated by the technology\r\naccess gap in disadvantaged, remote, and underdeveloped\r\n(3T) regions as well as the negative impact of excessive gadget\r\nuse, have driven the need for unplugged computational\r\nthinking media. This study aims to develop the traditional\r\ncongklak game based on Unplugged coding to improve\r\nlearning concentration and critical thinking in early\r\nchildhood, as well as to analyze its feasibility, practicality, and\r\neffectiveness. The developed product consists of five types of\r\ncongklak games: Letter Code Mission, OX Pattern Crossing,\r\nCaMODE: The Floor Is the Code, Congklak Robot Time\r\nAttack, and Congklak Unplugged Adventure, complemented by\r\nillustrated instruction cards and a guidebook for teachers and\r\nparents.\r\nThis study employed the Research and Development\r\n(R&D) method with the ADDIE development model (Analysis,\r\nDesign, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The\r\nproduct was validated by material experts, media experts, and\r\ninstrument experts, then tested in two stages: a small-scale\r\ntrial at TK Al-Fadlilah Sambilegi Maguwoharjo involving 15\r\nchildren, and a large-scale trial at TK Annur III Gondangan\r\ninvolving 18 children. Data on children's learning\r\nconcentration and critical thinking ability were collected\r\nthrough observation sheets before and after treatment\r\n(pretest-posttest), then analyzed using the Paired Sample t-\r\nTest and N-Gain test to determine the significance of the\r\ndifference and the magnitude of improvement after the\r\nproduct's implementation.\r\nThe results showed that the traditional congklak game\r\nbased on Unplugged coding was rated as highly feasible and\r\nhighly practical for use, with expert validation percentages of\r\n86% from the material expert, 91% from the media expert, and\r\n91.67% for the research instrument, as well as a practicality\r\npercentage of 98% based on teacher responses. The Paired\r\nSample t-Test results in both trial scales showed a significance\r\nvalue (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000 (< 0.05) for both learning\r\nconcentration and critical thinking ability, proving that the\r\nproduct effectively improved both variables significantly. The\r\nN-Gain test results reinforced these findings, with increases in learning concentration of 73.19% (small scale) and 76.79%\r\n(large scale), and increases in critical thinking ability of\r\n78.45% (small scale) and 80.09% (large scale), all falling into\r\nthe high category. Thus, the unplugged-coding-based\r\ntraditional congklak game is proven valid, practical, and\r\neffective for use as a learning medium to improve learning\r\nconcentration and critical thinking ability in early childhood."^^xsd:string;
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