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bibo:abstract "Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) has become a global health crisis threatening the effectiveness of bacterial infection therapy, making the exploration of alternative antibacterial compound sources continuously necessary. This study aimed to determine the potential of endophytic fungi from Taxus sumatrana as antibacterial compound producers and to optimize their production in various liquid media. A total of 19 endophytic fungal strains isolated from the leaves and twigs of T. sumatrana were characterized macroscopically and microscopically, followed by screening of their antibacterial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. Five selected strains (TS.1, TS.13, TS.16, TS.19.1, and TS.22) were fermented in seven liquid media under two agitation conditions (static and 220 rpm) for 7 days at 28°C. The secondary metabolite extracts were tested for antibacterial activity and profiled using High Perfomance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results showed that strain TS.13 was superior, exhibiting the highest activity against MRSA ATCC 43300 in agitated Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) (23.17 mm) and agitated Czapek-Dox Broth (CDB) (23.11 mm). Agitated Taxus Leaf Broth (TLB) successfully induced activity against E. coli (17.44 mm), undetected in other media. HPLC analysis revealed that PDB and CDB produced the most complex metabolite profiles, while TLB generated a specific peak correlated with activity against E. coli. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that media variation significantly affected activity against B. subtilis (p = 0.003), whereas the Mann-Whitney U test indicated agitation condition had no significant effect (p > 0.05). These findings open opportunities for further exploration of the endophytic fungus T. sumatrana, particularly strain TS.13, as a candidate source of antibacterial compounds against priority pathogenic bacteria resistant to conventional antibiotics."^^xsd:string;
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