PENAMBANGAN TIMAH ILEGAL OLEH MASYARAKAT DI DESA BUDING KABUPATEN BELITUNG TIMUR (STUDI PASAL 98 UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 32 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN DAN PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP)NIM.: 22103040110Deby YuliantiauthorTin mining is one of the growing industries in East Belitung Regency, including in Buding Village, Kelapa Kampit District. While it provides economic benefits to the community, mining also causes various environmental problems, especially when conducted without a permit. Illegal tin mining by residents of Buding Village continues despite the existence of laws governing environmental protection and management. These activities result in land degradation, river pollution, waterway siltation, and disruption to the livelihoods of communities dependent on the plantation and fisheries sectors. Given these conditions, this study examines the factors contributing to the persistence of illegal tin mining in Buding Village, as well as the effectiveness of law enforcement regarding the criminal provisions of Article 98 of Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management. This study employs an empirical legal research design with a sociological approach. Data collection methods included interviews, surveys, observation, documentation, and a literature review. The data obtained were then analyzed using qualitative analysis methods based on Lawrence M. Friedman’s legal system theory, which encompasses legal structure, legal substance, and legal culture as well as the theory of legal protection, which encompasses preventive and repressive legal protection. Research findings indicate that the continued prevalence of illegal tin mining in Buding Village is influenced by several factors, namely, the community's reliance on the mining sector for their livelihood, limited alternative employment options, the high economic value of tin, and the perception among some community members that mining is a common occupation. From a legal framework perspective, monitoring and enforcement have been carried out by the village government, Bhabinkamtibmas officers, and police personnel through patrols, warnings, the installation of prohibition banners, and the confiscation of mining equipment. However, law enforcement has not been fully effective due to limited authority, the vast area under supervision, and the fact that residents continue to engage in mining after enforcement actions. Based on the provisions of Article 98 of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, law enforcement against illegal tin mining activities in Buding Village has not been effective. This is demonstrated by the ongoing illegal tin mining activities that result in environmental damage, thus the goal of law enforcement to prevent environmental pollution and damage has not been fully achieved.344.04 Hukum Perlindungan Lingkungan2026-08-03UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA;FAKULTAS SYARIAH DAN HUKUMThesis